1. Is there an abstract with a list of keywords preceding the research paper?  

• Cover page?
• Page numbers?
• Indented paragraphs?
• 1” margins?
• A total of 5 pages, not including the cover page, abstract and references page?

 2. Introduction: Is the thesis clear?  What is it?  

 Does it appear soon enough in the paper?

• What questions does the thesis promise to answer? There are usually three, sometimes two, sometimes four or more.
• 1
• 2
• 3

1. Introduction: Is there some background given in the introduction that gives you some idea of why this topic is important or timely or relevant?  What is it?
2. Introduction: Is there an engaging first sentence?  
   • Is it an interesting fact, 
   • alarming statistic, 
   • question, 
   • quote, 
   • story
3. Introduction: Is there any terminology you need defined sooner to better understand the discussion that follows?
4. Body: In which paragraphs has each of the thesis questions been answered?

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• 2
• 3

1. Body: Evidence: Has evidence been given to back up the claims made the research paper?  Since the research paper is required to have four sources, you should find at least four different sources cited in APA style as in-text citations (also called parenthetical citations).

 i.   

 ii.   

 iii.   

 iv.   

Body: Evidence: What type of evidence is each of the above – data, studies, expert opinion?          

1. Body: Evidence: Is there enough evidence given to be convincing?  Could it be improved? 

 i.  How? 

updated statistics, any statistics, an explanation for conflicting statistics

a quote from an expert, 

a more credible source, a primary source, 

a case history or example

1. Body: Evidence: Are the in-text citations done properly in APA style? 
   • Were you able to easily match up the in-text citation with the first word(s) in the References page?
2. Body: Evidence: In each paragraph, does the writer explain how each piece of evidence is pertinent to the thesis?   If not, where? 
   • Remember paragraph structure:

 i.   Topic sentence

 ii.  Support sentences

 iii.  Closing sentence to help integrate the information in the support sentences with the topic sentence and with the paper’s thesis.

1. Body: Evidence: Are there any in-text (parenthetical) citations missing for quotations, expert opinion or data?  Where?  

 i.  Were there any citations given for paraphrasing? Where?

                           ii.   Are there any claims made that don’t have evidence for them? That are based solely on the writer’s opinion? 

1. Body: Evidence: Are the cited sources credible and convincing?  
   • Do any of the quotations or opinions or data need a signal phrase 

 i.  to explain who the author is and why the author is credible 

 ii.  or where the data comes from?  

1. Body: Is there a logical progression of ideas? 
   • Did each idea help support the thesis, or is something missing that would help you better understand the writer’s points?
   • Are there transitions missing that would help you understand how an idea, paragraph or sentence is connected to the one before it? Where?
2. Body: Are there any sentences that are too long and convoluted to be easily understood? Where could they be broken down into more than one sentence?
3. Are there any personal pronouns (“I, me, mine, you/your”)? Where?
   • If “you/your/yours“ is used, is it being used strategically to directly address the reader? 
   • Is it always clear who” they” are or what “it is? If not, where? 
4. Conclusion: Is there a conclusion? 
   • What does the conclusion do? What type of conclusion is it? 
     • Does it ask something of the reader? Of some other group or institutions? 
     • Does it make a recommendation or give advice? 
     • Does it inform the reader of proposed or possible solutions to a problem? 
     • Is it a call to action? Tor awareness, education? 
     • Does it speculate about the future? 
     • Or does it make an observation based on what has been learned in the course of reading the research paper?  
5. Conclusion: Are you left with any questions about the subject/argument?
6. No more than 20% of the paper is quotes (80/20 rule).
7. References: Is there a References page in proper APA style?
   • Is the heading bold and centered?
   • Is the list alphabetized?
   • Are hanging indents used?
   • Are there at least four sources?
   • Are about half of them primary? 
   • Are the names of the publications included in primary source citations?
   • Is each electronically accessed source followed by a doi: or URL?

you may work off the essay provided. add to it. this needs to be done within 4 hours!

 

Lewin’s Change Management Theory is a standard theory used by nurses across specialty areas for various quality improvement plans to modify care at the bedside (Wojciechowski et al., 2016). According to new research, Lewin’s Change Management Model consists of three key phases: unfreeze, change, refreeze. These steps refer to the three-stage process of change that he describes. The first phase, unfreezing, involves preparing the team or unit to accept that change is necessary, which involves breaking down (melting) the existing status quo before introducing a new way of operating. Developing a compelling message to exhibit why there must be a change is critical. The second phase of change occurs when people begin exploring new ways of accomplishing tasks or improving the old ways. Refreezing, the third step of the model, is when the new changes have taken shape and those who are practicing the advancements are embracing the updated policies (Lewin’s Change Management Model: Understanding the Three Stages of Change, n.d.).

Healthcare systems must be adaptive to maintain equilibrium and survive as change is a constant (Wojciechowski et al., 2016). Using Lewin’s Change Model is an excellent approach to introduce best practices to guarantee willing participation and understanding from those involved. Change, in general, can be scary or unpredictable to some. People need time to understand the how and why of changes, and they also need to feel deeply connected to the group throughout the transition period (Lewin’s Change Management Model: Understanding the Three Stages of Change, n.d.). Giving time and support through a hands-on approach would ensure a smooth transition to new practices. According to Wojciechowski et al. (2016), Lewin’s change theory has a few criticisms. Lack of accountability for the cooperation of individuals or groups involved and a failure to address the complex processes of change are among the critiques. As evidenced by this study, Lewin’s model should be used in conjunction with other models to ensure a comprehensive strategy to introduce and implement change. Additional models would compensate for these shortcomings.