Ethics and Evidence-Based Research

Write a 1250-1500 word essay addressing each of the following points/questions. Be sure to completely answer all the questions for each bullet point. There should be three main sections, one for each bullet below. Separate each section in your paper with a clear heading that allows your professor to know which bullet you are addressing in that section of your paper. Support your ideas with at least two (2) sources using citations in your essay. Make sure to cite using the APA writing style for the essay. The cover page and reference page in correct APA do not count towards the minimum word amount. Review the rubric criteria for this assignment.

Part 1: Describe why ethical safeguards designed for clinical research may not be feasible or appropriate for evidence-based practice or evidence-based practice implementation projects.

Part 2:  Review the sectioned headed, Two Ethical Exemplars in Chapter 22 of the textbook (Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt, 2015, pages 518-519). Discuss three main ethical controversies related to implementing Evidence-Based Quality Improvement (EBQI) Initiatives. Describe how these controversies relate to the four core ethical principles.

Part 3: Identify which ethical principles may be in conflict with the concept of “patients having an ethical responsibility in improving healthcare.” Discuss how these conflicts may be resolved.

For this assignment, you are to complete a clinical case – narrated PowerPoint report that will follow the SOAP note example provided below. The case report will be based on an assigned clinical case scenario.  

You are to approach this clinical scenario as if it is a real patient in the clinical setting.

Instructions:

Step 1 – Read the assigned clinical scenario and using your clinical reasoning skills, decide on the diagnoses. This step informs your next steps.
Step 2 – Document the given information in the case scenario under the appropriate sections, headings, and subheadings of the SOAP note.
Step 3 – Document all the classic symptoms typically associated with the diagnoses in Step 1. This information may NOT be given in the scenario; you are to obtain this information from your textbooks. Include APA citations.

Example of Steps 1 – 3:
You decided on Angina after reading the clinical case scenario (Step 1)
Review of Symptoms (list of classic symptoms):
CV: sweating, squeezing, pressure, heaviness, tightening, burning across the chest starting behind the breastbone
GI: indigestion, heartburn, nausea, cramping
Pain: pain to the neck, jaw, arms, shoulders, throat, back, and teeth
Resp: shortness of breath
Musculo: weakness

Step 4 – Document the abnormal physical exam findings typically associated with the acute and chronic diagnoses decided on in Step 1. Again, this information may NOT be given. Cull this information from the textbooks. Include APA citations.

Example of Step 4:
You determined the patient has Angina in Step 1
Physical Examination (list of classic exam findings):
CV: RRR, murmur grade 1/4
Resp: diminished breath sounds left lower lobe

Step 5 – Document the diagnoses in the appropriate sections, including the ICD-10 codes, from Step 1. Include three differential diagnoses. Define each diagnosis and support each differential diagnosis with pertinent positives and negatives and what makes these choices plausible. This information may come from your textbooks. Remember to cite using APA.

Step 6 – Develop a treatment plan for the diagnoses. Only use National Clinical Guidelines to develop your treatment plans. This information will not come from your textbooks. Use your research skills to locate appropriate guidelines. The treatment plan mustaddress the following:
a) Medications (include the dosage in mg/kg, frequency, route, and the number of days)
b) Laboratory tests ordered (include why ordered and what the results of the test may indicate)
c) Diagnostic tests ordered (include why ordered and what the results of the test may indicate)
d) Vaccines administered this visit & vaccine administration forms given,
e) Non-pharmacological treatments
f) Patient/Family education including preventive care
g) Anticipatory guidance for the visit (be sure to include exactly what you discussed during the visit; review Bright Futures website for this section)
h) Follow-up appointment with a detailed plan of f/u

CLINICAL CASE SCENARIO 

A 5-year-old boy presents to your clinic with a 1-day history of refusing to use his left arm. His father states that his son and his older sister were cared for by a babysitter the previous day. The babysitter said she had been playing with the children in the front yard when the patient ran after a ball that was rolling toward the street. She grabbed the patient’s left forearm and pulled him away from the street. Thereafter, the patient was irritable and holding his left arm close to his body with the elbow in a flexed position. On physical examination, the child has no bony tenderness, erythema, or swelling of the joints, but on passive motion, the child resists and cries in pain. Today, his vitals are as follows: weight 40.5 lbs, height 43.0 inches, BP 110/76, HR 100, RR 26, and Temperature is 98.6 F.

Diagnosis – Subluxation of Radial Head

As you develop your narrated PowerPoint, be sure to address the criteria discussed in the video above and the instructions listed below:

FOLLOW THE TEMPLATE BELOW for the Clinical Case Report – SOAP PowerPoint Assignment:

DO NOT INCLUDE THESE INSTRUCTIONS IN THE POWERPOINT. POINTS WILL BE DEDUCTED. REFER TO THE EXAMPLE CASE REPORT FOR GUIDANCE.

SUBJECTIVE (S): Describes what the patient reports about their condition.
For INITIAL visits gather the info below from the clinical scenario and the textbook. DO NOT COPY AND PASTE THE SCENARIO; EXTRACT THE RELEVANT INFORMATION.

Historian (required; unless the patient is 16 y/o and older): document name and relationship of guardian
Patient’s Initials + CC (Identification and Chief Complaint): E.g. 6-year-old female here for evaluation of a palmar rash
HPI (History of Present Illness): Remember OLD CAARTS (onset, location, duration, character, aggravating/alleviating factors, radiation, temporal association, severity) written in paragraph form
PMH (Past Medical History): List any past or present medical conditions, surgeries, or other medical interventions the patient has had. Specify what year they took place
MEDs: List prescription medications the patient is taking. Include dosage and frequency if known. Inquire and document any over-the-counter, herbal, or traditional remedies.
Allergies: List any allergies the patient has and indicate the reaction. e.g. Medications (tetracycline-> shortness of breath), foods, tape, iodine->rash
FH (Family History): List relevant health history of immediate family: grandparents, parents, siblings, or children. e.g. Inquire about any cardiovascular disease, HTN, DM, cancer, or any lung, liver, renal disease, etc…
SHx (Social history): document parent’s work (current), educational level, living situation (renting, homeless, owner), substance use/abuse (alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, illicit drugs), firearms in-home, relationship status (married, single, divorced, widowed), number of children in the home (in SF or abroad), how recently pt immigrated to the US and from what country of origin (if applicable), the gender of sexual partners, # of partners in last 6 mo, vaginal/anal/oral, protected/unprotected.

Patient Profile: Activities of Daily Living (age-appropriate): (include feeding, sleeping, bathing, dressing, chores, etc.), Changes in daycare/school/after-school care, Sports/physical activity, and Developmental History: (provide a history of development over the child’s lifespan. If a child is 1y/o or younger, provide birth history also)

HRB (Health-related behaviors):
ROS (Review of Systems): Asking about problems by organ system systematically from head-to-toe. Included classic associated symptoms (this includes pertinent negatives and positives).

OBJECTIVE: Physical findings you observe or find on the exam.
1. Age, gender, general appearance
2. Vitals – HR, BP, RR, Temp, BMI, Height & Percentile; Weight & Percentile, Include the Growth Chart
3. Physical Exam: note pertinent positives and negatives (refer to the textbook for classic findings related to present complaint and the diagnosis you believe the patient has)
4. Lab Section – what results do you have?
5. Studies/Radiology/Pap Results Section – what results do you have?

RISK FACTORS: List risk factors for the acute and chronic conditions

ASSESSMENT: What do you think is going on based on the clinical case scenario? This is based on the case. You are to list the acute diagnosis and three differential diagnoses, in order of what is likely, possible, and unlikely (include supporting information that helped you to arrive at these differentials). You must include the ICD-10 codes, the definition for the acute and differential diagnoses, and the pertinent positives and negatives of each diagnosis.

You are to also list any chronic conditions with the ICD-10 codes.

NATIONAL CLINICAL GUIDELINES: List the guidelines you will use to guide your treatment and management plan

TREATMENT & MANAGEMENT PLAN: Number problems (E.g. 1. HTN, 2. DM, 3. Knee sprain), use bullet points, and include A – F below for each diagnosis and G – H after you’ve addressed all conditions.

Example:
1. HTN
a) Vaccines administered this visit & vaccine administration forms given,
b) Medication-include dosage amounts and mg/kg for drug and number of days,
c) Laboratory tests ordered
d) Diagnostic tests ordered
e) Non-pharmaceutical treatments
f) Patient/Family education including preventive care

2. HLD
a) Vaccines administered this visit & vaccine administration forms given,
b) Medication-include dosage amounts and mg/kg for drug and number of days,
c) Laboratory tests ordered
d) Diagnostic tests ordered
e) Non-pharmaceutical treatments
f) Patient/Family education including preventive care
Also discussed:
g) Anticipatory guidance for next well-child visit (be sure to include exactly what you discussed during the visit; review Bright Futures website for this section)
Return to the clinic:
h) Follow-up appointment with a detailed plan for f/u and any referrals

Submission Details:

• Post the Week 8 Clinical Case Report SOAP Note Assignment to the Discussion Boardbelow by the date assigned.
• Name your Case Report SOAP note document NSG6435_W8_SOAP_LastName_FirstInitial.ppt.