Calculation quiz 2025

Getting Started Pharmacy calculations are very important for prescribing, especially in regards to renal function and pediatric dosing. This assignment will focus on calculating renal function and medication doses for pediatric patients. Review the information below and then follow the subsequent instructions. Upon successful completion of the course material, you will be able to: Successfully calculate dosing for renal functions Background Information Renal function Renal function can be calculated different ways but the most common ways are using the Cockcroft-Gault and CKD-EPI equations (see below). If adjustments to dosing are required due to decreased renal function, it is important to know which equation should be used. This can be found in a drug reference or the package insert for a particular medication. In general, if renal cutoffs are expressed as mL/min the Cockcroft-Gault equation should be used but if renal cutoffs are expressed in mL/min/1.73m2 then the CKD-EPI equation should be used. Different equations are necessary to calculate renal function in the pediatric population. The Cockcroft-Gault equation is as follows: CrCl = [(140-age) (ideal body weight)]/[(72) (SCr)] x 0.85 (if female) age is expressed in years weight is expressed in kg [ideal body weight (IBW) should be used except for obese patients, in which case adjusted body weight is typically used] SCr is serum creatinine expressed in mg/dL IBW (male) = 50kg + 2.3 kg for each inch of height over 5 feet IBW (female) = 45.5kg + 2.3 kg for each inch of height over 5 feet Adjusted body weight = IBW + [0.4 x (actual body weight – IBW)] The CKD-EPI equation is as follows: eGFR = 141 x min(SCr/κ, 1)α x max(SCr /κ, 1)-1.209 x 0.993Age x 1.018 [if female] x 1.159 [if Black] eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) = mL/min/1.73 m2 SCr is serum creatinine expressed in mg/dL κ = 0.7 (females) or 0.9 (males) α = -0.329 (females) or -0.411 (males) min = indicates the minimum of SCr/κ or 1 max = indicates the maximum of SCr/κ or 1 age = years Pediatric Dosing In general, medication dosing for pediatric patients is based on weight. This makes it particularly important to be able to calculate doses appropriately. The most basic calculation is dose (ie. mg/kg) times weight (in kg). Example Cefdinir (Omnicef®) for acute otitis media is 14 mg/kg/day in 1-2 divided doses What would the recommended dose be for a 22 lb patient? First, lbs must be converted to kg. 22 lb x (1 kg/2.2 lb) = 10 kg Now, the dose can be calculated. 14 mg/kg x 10 kg = 140 mg Based on the dosing recommendation above, this could be given 2 different ways: 140 mg once daily 70 mg two times daily For liquids or suspensions, medication doses are often given as the volume to be given to the patient. One must be aware of the available concentrations for a particular medication. Example Cefdinir (Omnicef®) is available in the following concentrations: 125 mg/5 mL 250 mg/5 mL Using the example above, how many mL would be needed for 140 mg daily? [140 mg / 125 mg] x 5 mL = 5.6 mL [140 mg / 250 mg] x 5 mL = 2.8 mL Often, we have to round to the nearest 0.5 mL to make it easier to administer using an oral syringe. Rounding the first option to 5.5 mL would give the patient 137.5 mg (5.5 mL x 125 mg/ 5 mL) Instructions Print out the Calculations Quiz . Complete each question by hand and show your work. Scan the completed quiz and submit via the Assignment. This assignment is worth 50 Points Access the Assignment submission page

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Urinary tract infection case study # 2 2025

APA FORMAT 2. CITE ALL REFERENCES 3. PLEASE COMPLETE ALL QUESTIONS. Late assignments will not be accepted!!! Case Study: Urinary Tract Infection You are working in an extended care facility when M.Z.’s daughter brings her mother in for a week’s stay while she goes on a planned vacation. M.Z. is an 89-year-old widow with a 4-day history of non- localized abdominal pain, incontinence, new-onset mental confusion, and loose stools. Her most current vital signs are 118/60, 88, 18, 98.4° F (37.4° C). The medical director ordered a post void catheterization, which yielded 100mL of cloudy urine that had a strong odor, and several lab tests on admission. Urine culture and sensitivity results are pending; the other results are shown in the chart. Chart View Laboratory Test Results: Complete metabolic panel: Within normal limits except for the following results: BUN 25mg/dL Sodium 131mEq/L Potassium 3.2mEq/L White blood cell count 11,000/mm3 Urinalysis Appearance Cloudy Odor Foul pH 6.9 Protein Negative Nitrites Positive Crystals Negative WBCs 6 per low-power field RBCs 3 What condition do the lab reports point toward? Which assessment findings are typical of an older adult with the condition in Question 1? Considering her history and laboratory results, what other condition is a possibility? 4.The medical director makes rounds and writes orders to start an IV of D5 ½NS at 75mL/hr. and insert a Foley catheter to gravity drainage. Because M.Z. is unable to take oral medications, the medical director orders ciprofloxacin (Cipro) 400mg q12h IV piggyback (IVPB). Are the type of fluid and rate appropriate for M.Z.’s age and condition? Explain. While the IVPB ciprofloxacin is being administered, which adverse effects might occur? You enter the room to start the IV infusion and insert the Foley catheter and find that the nursing assistive personnel (NAP) has taken M.Z. to the bathroom for a bowel movement. M.Z. asks you to help her, and, as you open the door, you observe her wiping herself from back to front. What do you need to do at this time? Because M.Z. has been having diarrhea, what special instructions should you give the NAP assigned to give basic care to M.Z.? Case Study Progress: The next day, you are the nurse assigned to M.Z.’s care. You notice that the NAP emptying the gravity drain is not wearing personal protection devices. You also observe that the drainage port of the drainage bag was contaminated during the process because the NAP allowed it to touch the floor. What issues need to be considered in protecting M.Z.’s safety? Describe your actions in working with the nursing assistant. As you assess M.Z., you notice that her catheter tubing is not secured. Why does the tubing need to be secured, and where is the correct place for the catheter tubing? What changes, if any, will be made to the antibiotic therapy?

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