Discussion: Does Psychotherapy Have a Biological Basis? 2025

TO DO A REPLY COMMENT TO EACH POST. TWO REFERENCE PER COMMENT. Post 1 Mental health processes and disorders originate from mechanisms within the brain. There has been the question within the psychiatric field as to whether plastic changes in the brain that can occur with the use of pharmacological interventions for mental health disorders could also occur with the use of psychotherapy. Psychotherapy is extremely beneficial in treating several mental health issues (Laureate Education, 2016).There is compounding evidence that psychotherapy does have a biological basis and can have a positive impact in brain recovery from the stress response. According to Wheeler (2014), psychotherapy mediates the reintegration and connection of neural networks that have become maladaptively linked due to adverse life events facilitating healing of the brain. Psychotherapy has been found to be an effective treatment method for a variety of mental health disorders such as anxiety, major depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. According to Fournier (2014), activity in regions associated with negative emotion, emotion regulation, fear, and reward are associated with respones to psychotherapy, and psychotherapy appears to alter the functioning of these regions. While proven to be an effective treatment modality for mental health disorders, there are factors such as culture, religion, and socioeconomic background that can affect the client and their perspective on the use of psychotherapy. Psychotherapy within itself can bring conflicting emotions for the client and the clinician must be aware of how religion, culture, and socioeconomics can alter how the client perceives psychotherapy and its efficacy in their treatment. According to Wheeler (2014), the powerful influence of culture permeates all dimensions of out life in a way that is often unconscious. For example, if a client comes from a culture where emotions are not to be discusssed or if one discusses there past traumas or fears then the client could be resistant to the role of psychotherapy in their treatment plan. The clinician must be aware of the importance of culture in medical or psychological treatments. Religion also plays an instrumental role in how psychotherapy will be perceived by a client. Many clients may come from a religious background where one only speaks of negative emotions with someone from their clergy or a religious figure. According to Kim, Chen & Brachfeld (2018), religion and spirituality are important issues to consider and address in psychotherapy. Communication could become stagnant if the clinician is not aware of the role religion plays in the psychotherapy framework. Socioeconomic background can also be a variable in one‘s perspective of the value of psychotherapy. Certain traumatic events that a person can suffer throughout their lifetime can be directly correlated to socioeconomic standing. For example, poverty can be associated with depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and mood disorders. Patients from this type of background can experience barriers in both seeking and receiving mental health services. According to Bernal et al. (2017), vulnerable populations such as those low in social status face additional barriers to mental health treatment and experience unique barriers to receiving optimal care. References Bernal, D.R., Herbst, R.B., Lewis, B.L., & Feibelman, J. (2017). Ethical care for vulnerable populations receiving psychotropic treatment. Ethics & Behavior, 27 (7), 582-598. doi:10.1080/10508422.2016.1224187 Fournier, J.C., & Price, R.B. (2014). Psychotherapy and neuroimaging. Psychotherapy: New Evidence and New Approaches, 12 (3), 290-298. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4207360 Kim, E.E., Chen, E.C., & Brachfeld, C. (2018). Patients’ experience of spirituality and change in individual psychotherapy at a Christian counseling clinic: A grounded theory analysis. Spirituality in Clinical Practice , doi:10.1037/scp0000176 Laureate Education (Producer). (2016). Introduction to psychotherapy with individuals [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author. Wheeler, K. (Eds.). (2014). Psychotherapy for the advanced practice psychiatric nurse: A how-to guide for evidence-based practice (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company. POST 2 Psychotherapy is just as controversial as mental health as a whole is. Some believe it is helpful, others believe it is a waste of time. One question still remains unanswered for many, can talking about feelings help change behavior and therefore sure whatever condition a person is suffering from? I believe psychotherapy has a biological basis. Lyrakos, Spinaris, and Spyropoulos (2017) clearly stated as results of a research that “the use of psychotherapy plays a significant role in achieving optimal health outcomes of psychiatric patients” (p. s753). Pairing psychopharmacology with psychotherapy can make a positive impact towards recovery compared to treatment with just psychopharmacology. Many different reasons can influence the belief that psychotherapy might or might not work. For example, Adams et al. (2017) concluded in an article that “findings suggest that patients’ attachment characteristics play a role in their views and choices regarding treatments” (p. 194). Other factors that can impact the belief that therapy is a waste of time are culture, religion, and socioeconomic status. A person’s upbringing can be one to avoid talking about feelings with a stranger, or even with a loved one. Religion can also play a role in not receiving this type of treatment as faith in a spiritual belief might be the perceived as the cure to an ailment. Economical status and education level can also negatively impact the decision to avoid this type of treatment as the importance of it might not be completely comprehended or there are no means to afford the treatment. In another study that correlates the importance of psychotherapy, data showed “that children/adolescents with not only behavioral and emotional disorders, but also affective (mood) disorders had a higher chance for nondrug psychiatric/psychotherapeutic treatment compared to children with other psychiatric disorders” (Abbas et al., 2017, p. 442). References Lyrakos, G., Spinaris, V., & Spyropoulos, I. (2017). The introduction of psychotherapy in psychiatric outpatients as part of the treatment in the last four years in a Greek hospital. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 27(4). Adams, G. C., McWilliams, L. A., Wrath, A. J., Adams, S., & Souza, D. D. (2017). Relationships between patients’ attachment characteristics and views and use of psychiatric treatment. Psychiatry Research, 256:194-201. Abbas, S., Ihle, P., Adler, J., Engel, S., Günster, C., Holtmann, M., & …Schubert, I. (2017). Predictors of non-drug psychiatric/psychotherapeutic treatment in children and adolescents with mental or behavioral disorders. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 26(4).

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Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination 2025

Select a community organization or group that you feel would be interested in learning about ethical and policy issues that affect the coordination of care. Then, develop and record a 10-12-slide, 20-minute presentation, with audio, intended for that audience. Create a detailed narrative script for your presentation, 4-5 pages in length. As coordinators of care, nurses must be aware of the code of ethics for nurses and health policy issues that affect the coordination of care within the context of the community. To help patients navigate the continuum of care, nurses must be proficient at interpreting and applying the code of ethics for nurses and health policy, specifically, the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Being knowledgeable about ethical and policy issues helps ensure that care coordinators are upholding ethical standards and navigating policy issues that affect patient care. This assessment provides an opportunity for you to develop a presentation for a local community organization of your choice, which provides an overview of ethical standards and relevant policy issues that affect the coordination of care. Completing this assessment will strengthen your understanding of ethical issues and policies related to the coordination and continuum of care, and will empower you to be a stronger advocate and nursing professional. It would be an excellent choice to complete the Vila Health: Ethical Decision Making activity prior to developing the presentation. The activity provides a helpful update on the ethical principles that will help with success in this assessment. Demonstration of Proficiency By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the course competencies through the following assessment scoring guide criteria: Competency 4: Defend decisions based on the code of ethics for nursing. Assess the impact of the code of ethics for nurses on the coordination and continuum of care. Competency 5: Explain how health care policies affect patient-centered care. Explain how governmental policies related to the health and/or safety of a community affect the coordination of care. Identify national, state, and local policy provisions that raise ethical questions or dilemmas for care coordination. Competency 6: Apply professional, scholarly communication strategies to lead patient-centered care. Communicate key ethical and policy issues in a presentation affecting the coordination and continuum of care for a selected community organization or support group. Either speaker notes or audio voice-over are included. Preparation Your nurse manager at the community care center is well connected and frequently speaks to a variety of community organizations and groups. She has noticed the good work you are doing in your new care coordination role and respects your speaking and presentation skills. Consequently, she thought that an opportunity to speak publicly about contemporary issues in care coordination would be beneficial for your career and has suggested reaching out to a community organization or support group to gauge their interest in hearing from you, as a care center representative, on a topic of interest to both you and your prospective audience. You have agreed that this is a good idea and have decided to research a community organization or support group that might be interested in learning about ethical and policy issues related to the coordination of care. Your manager has suggested the following community organizations and support groups, but acknowledges that the choice is yours. Homeless shelters. Local religious groups. Nursing homes. Local community organizations (Rotary Club or Kiwanis Club). To prepare for this assessment, you may wish to: Research your selected community organization or support group. Review the Code of Ethics for Nurses With Interpretive Statements and associated health policy issues, specifically, the ACA. Review the assessment instructions and scoring guide to ensure you understand the work you will be asked to complete. Allocate sufficient time to rehearse your presentation before recording the final version for submission. Note : Remember that you can submit all, or a portion of, your draft presentation to Smarthinking Tutoring for feedback, before you submit the final version for this assessment. If you plan on using this free service, be mindful of the turnaround time of 24–48 hours for receiving feedback. Recording Equipment Setup and Testing Check that your audio speaker and PowerPoint software are working properly. You can record audio directly to your slides, using PowerPoint or other presentation software. Note: Technical support about the use of PowerPoint, including voice recording and speaker notes, can be found on Campus’s Microsoft Office Software page. If using Kaltura, refer to the Using Kaltura tutorial for directions on recording and uploading your presentation in the courseroom. Note : If you require the use of assistive technology or alternative communication methods to participate in this activity, please contact [email protected] to request accommodations. Instructions For this assessment: Choose the community organization or support group that you plan to address. Develop and record a presentation, with typed speaker notes (the script for your voice recording) and audio voice-over recording, intended for that audience. Video is not required. Note : PowerPoint has a feature to type the speaker notes directly into the presentation. You are encouraged to use that feature or you may choose to submit a separate document. See Microsoft Office Software for technical support about the use of PowerPoint, including voice recording and speaker notes. Note: For this assessment, develop your presentation slides and speaker notes, then record your presentation. You are not required to deliver your presentation to an actual audience but you certainly could if you chose to. Presentation Format and Length You may use PowerPoint (recommended) or other suitable presentation software to create your slides and add your voiceover. If you elect to use an application other than PowerPoint, check with your faculty to avoid potential file compatibility issues. You can also record your presentation using Kaltura or similar software. Be sure that your slide deck includes the following slides: Title slide. Presentation title. Your name. Date. Course number and title. References (at the end of your presentation). Your slide deck should consist of 10–12 slides, not including a title and references slide with typed speaker notes and audio voice over. Your presentation should not exceed 20 minutes. Create a detailed narrative script for your presentation, approximately 4–5 pages in length. Supporting Evidence Cite 3–5 credible sources from peer-reviewed journals or professional industry publications to support your presentation. Include your source citations on a references page appended to your narrative script. Grading Requirements The requirements outlined below correspond to the grading criteria in the Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination Scoring Guide, so be sure to address each point. Read the performance-level descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed. Explain how governmental policies related to the health and/or safety of the community affect the coordination of care. Provide examples of a specific policy affecting the organization or group. Refer to the assessment resources for help in locating relevant policies. Be sure influential policies include the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA). Identify national, state, and local policy provisions that raise ethical questions or dilemmas for care coordination. What are the implications and consequences of specific policy provisions? What evidence do you have to support your conclusions? Assess the impact of the code of ethics for nurses on the coordination and continuum of care. Consider the factors that contribute to health, health disparities, and access to services. Consider the social determinants of health identified in Healthy People 2020 as a framework for your assessment. Provide evidence to support your conclusions. Communicate key ethical and policy issues in a presentation affecting the coordination and continuum of care for a selected community organization or support group. Either speaker notes or audio voice-over are included. Present a concise overview. Support your main points and conclusions with relevant and credible evidence. Additional Requirements Before submitting your assessment, proofread your presentation slides and speaker notes to minimize errors that could distract readers and make it more difficult for them to focus on the substance of your presentation. Scoring Rubric. 1. Explain how governmental policies related to the health and/or safety of a community affect the coordination of care. Passing Grade: Provides an articulate, insightful explanation of how governmental policies related to the health and/or safety of a community affect the coordination of care. Provides clear examples of specific policies affecting care coordination. 2. Identify national, state, and local policy provisions that raise ethical questions or dilemmas for care coordination. Passing Grade: Identifies significant and relevant national, state, and local policy provisions that raise ethical questions or dilemmas for care coordination. Makes a clear and persuasive argument for the ethical implications and consequences of specific policy provisions 3. Assess the impact of the code of ethics for nurses on the coordination and continuum of care. Passing Grade: Assesses the impact of the code of ethics for nurses on the coordination and continuum of care. Draws insightful evidence-based conclusions informed by careful consideration of the social determinants of health and a precise and accurate interpretation of the factors contributing to health, health disparities, and access to services. 4. Communicate key ethical and policy issues in a presentation affecting the coordination and continuum of care for a selected community organization or support group. Either speaker notes or audio voice-over are included. Passing Grade: Communicates key ethical and policy issues in a presentation affecting the coordination and continuum of care for a selected community organization or support group. Delivers a professional, logically coherent presentation of main points, facts, and conclusions, well-supported by relevant and credible evidence. Both speaker notes and audio voice-over are included.

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