Read the following case study and answer 1 of the questions that follow:

TS is 67 years old with a long history of knee osteoarthritis for which he self-medicates regularly with over-the-counter (OTC) naproxen. He is in the clinic today complaining of a swallowing difficulty that has progressively worsened over the past several months. He has otherwise been healthy and has not seen a doctor in many years.

TS denies significant past medical history. A review of systems is negative except for arthritic symptoms and swallowing difficulty. He denies noticing blood in his stool and vomiting blood. He denies history of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and ulcer.

He does not drink alcohol, although he drank heavily many years ago. He does not smoke. TS describes the dysphagia this way: “Food gets stuck in my throat, and I can’t get it down.” The feeling occurs only after he has ingested solid food; liquids are not a problem. There is burning chest pain associated with meals.

He is scheduled for an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

1. What is the likely cause of his dysphagia?
2. What advice should TS be given regarding his OTC medication at this time?
3. What are the usual signs and symptoms of GERD? How will it be managed?

Read the case scenario and answer the case questions:

Case Scenario

A patient is confused about how to make payments for a recent visit to urgent care and hospital stay. Her employer-based insurance provider’s website allows her to use her HSA account to make a payment online. She uses her HSA debit card to make the payment, but her insurance provider sends her a check instead of sending it to the Tri-City HealthCare Agency. After contacting her insurance help desk via the website, she is told to send the check to Tri-City HealthCare Agency herself. The patient asks the insurance provider’s help desk representative why they cannot just make the payments for her. She is told about the various payment types and payers in the health care industry and how the market influences the integrated delivery systems in the industry.

Case Questions

1. Describe the payer systems mentioned in the case study.
2. Explain how the market forces have influenced the need for integrated delivery systems.
3. How might the insurance provider explain the payment system it utilizes for its clients? Explain if this method is effective or not for the insurance provider’s clients.
4. What has been the most significant legal and regulatory effect on managed care organizations?
5. How would this case study have differed if the patient was using public or social insurance?

The response to each question should be a minimum of 200 words. Formal essay structure is not required; differentiated responses to each question are acceptable. 

Integrate two to four scholarly sources in the collective assignment.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required. 

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance.