eliability

Discussion.

From the U.S. Preventive Task Force website https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/BrowseRec/Index (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site., choose one screening test that might be considered in primary care.

Define the test, its positive predictive value, reliability and validity. Discuss patient medical or family history that may alter your recommendation for screening?

Direct Quotes 

Good writing calls for the limited use of direct quotes. Direct quotes in discussions are to be limited to one short quotation (not to exceed 15 words). The quote must add substantively to the discussion. Points will be deducted under the grammar, syntax, APA category. 

Sample 

One screening test that might be considered in primary care is cervical cancer screening. Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide, however, the number of cases and number of deaths in the United States have decreased drastically. In 2014, 12,578 women were diagnosed and 4,115 women have died from cervical cancer (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2017). It is commonly diagnosed and is one of the most successfully treated cancers.

     Cervical cancer screening is an essential part of a woman’s routine health checkup. Cytology screening or papanicolaou (Pap) test and the human papillomavirus (HPV) test are used for early detection of cervical cancer. Pap test is used to detect abnormal cervical cells including precancerous lesions before developing into cancer or cancer itself. It can also detect other conditions such as infections and inflammation. The HPV test is used to detect the virus in cervical cells that may have changed (CDC, 2017). The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends women ages 21-29 to screen for cervical cancer using cytology every 3 years. For women ages 30-65 a combination of cytology and HPV testing is recommended every 5 years (Hofmeister, 2016).

     Positive predictive value is the probability of patients who test positive who have the disease (Gordis, 2014). According to Gordis (2014), validity determines between who has a disease and who does not have a disease. Sensitivity and specificity are two elements within validity. Sensitivity tests to identify those who have the disease and specificity tests to identify those who do not have the disease (Gordis, 2014). Reliability refers to consistency. For example, a test that is repeated more than once resulting with the same or similar results.

     Patient history may alter recommending cervical cancer screening more than family history because it is mostly sexually transmitted. Women who have a compromised immune system, who have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, who have had prior abnormal results, who have been exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in utero, who have a hysterectomy, and who have had previous treatment of a high-grade precancerous lesion are at an increased risk for cervical cancer (Hofmeister, 2016). Cervical cancer screening should be provided to all women in a primary care setting. It is a preventable disease with the effectiveness of early detection and early treatment.

 Reference

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). Cervical cancer statistics. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/cervical/statistics/index.htm (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

Gordis, L. (2014). Epidemiology (5th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders.

Hofmeister, S. (2016). Cervical cancer screening: How our approach may change. Journal of Family Practice, 65(8). 551-553.

As healthcare providers, we look more and more to technology to improve patient outcomes, streamline operations, and lower costs. Sometimes, technology can be used in ways that have ethical, moral, and legal considerations too. You will be writing about the use of personal devices and social media and its use in healthcare. We can do it, but dare we?

This is a “think outside the box” assignment in which there is not necessarily only one right answer. Still, you are required to find sources that support your opinions. Be sure to cite and reference them in your paper. The running head of the paper will be—We can do it, but dare we?

The length of the paper should be four to five pages, excluding the title page and reference page. Limit the references to minimum of 4 to 5 references. The Paper will contain an introduction that catches the attention of the reader, states the purpose of the paper, and provides a narrative outline of what will follow (i.e,the assignment criteria).

In the body of the paper discuss the scenario in relation to HIPAA, legal and other regulatory requirement that apply to the scenario and the ending you choose. Demonstrate support from sources of evidence included as in- text citation.

Choose and identify one of the four possible endings provided for the scenario and construct your paper based on its implications to the scenario. Make recommendations about what should have been done and what could be done to correct the problems caused by the scenario and the ending you chose. Demonstrate support from sources of evidence included as in-text citations.

Present the advantages and disadvantages of using smart phones and social media in health care and describe professional and ethical principles to the appropriate use of this technology, base on the facts from supporting sources of evidence, which must be included as in-text citations.

The paper’s conclusion should summarize what you learned and make reflections about them to your practice.

Please and please this paper should be 100% free plagiarism.