Understanding of the evidence-based practice (EBP) models is key to implementation of EBP. There are various models available; some of which were presented to you in this unit. 

Consider the following questions in your discussion post:

• Select one of the models presented in this unit.
• Describe how this model would be effective for implementing EBP and/or best practices in the practice, administration, or education setting.
• Consider how you might introduce this change.
• What barriers might you confront?

Responses need to address all components of the question, demonstrate critical thinking and analysis, and include peer reviewed journal evidence to support the student’s position.

Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with citations and references in APA format.
It is anticipated that the initial discussion response should be in the range of 250-300 words.

Jamie is a 3-month-old female who presents with her mother for evaluation of “throwing up.” Mom reports that Jamie has been throwing up pretty much all the time since she was born. Jamie does not seem to be sick. In fact, she drinks her formula vigorously and often acts hungry. Jamie has normal soft brown bowel movements every day and, overall, seems like a happy and contented baby. She smiles readily and does not cry often. Other than the fact that she often throws up after drinking a bottle, she seems to be a very healthy, happy infant. A more precise history suggests that Jamie does not exactly throw up—she does not heave or act unwell—but rather it just seems that almost every time she drinks a bottle she regurgitates a milky substance. Mom thought that she might be allergic to her formula and switched her to a hypoallergenic formula. It didn’t appear to help at all, and now Mom is very concerned.

Cases like these are not uncommon. The mother was concerned and thinking her daughter may have an allergy; she changed to a different formula. However, sometimes babies have immature GI tracts that can lead to physiology reflux as they adapt to normal life outside the uterus. Parents often do not consider this possibility, prompting them to change formulas rather than seeking medical care. As in the case study above, GI alterations can often be difficult to identify because many cause similar symptoms. This same issue also arises with adults—adults may present with symptoms that have various potential causes. When evaluating patients, it is important for the advanced practice nurse to know the types of questions he or she needs to ask to obtain the appropriate information for diagnosis. For this reason, you must have an understanding of common GI disorders such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and gastritis.

To Prepare

• Review this week’s media presentation on the gastrointestinal system.
• Review Chapter 35 in the Huether and McCance text. Identify the normal pathophysiology of gastric acid stimulation and production.
• Review Chapter 37 in the Huether and McCance text. Consider the pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and gastritis. Think about how these disorders are similar and different.
• Select a patient factor different from the one you selected in this week’s Discussion: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Consider how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of GERD, PUD, and gastritis. Reflect on how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment of these disorders for a patient based on this factor.
• Review the “Mind Maps—Dementia, Endocarditis, and Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)” media in the Week 2 Learning Resources. Use the examples in the media as a guide to construct a mind map for gastritis. Consider the epidemiology and clinical presentation of gastritis.

To Complete

Write a 2- to 3-page paper that addresses the following:

• Describe the normal pathophysiology of gastric acid stimulation and production. Explain the changes that occur to gastric acid stimulation and production with GERD, PUD, and gastritis disorders.
• Explain how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of GERD, PUD, and gastritis. Describe how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment of these disorders for a patient based on the factor you selected.
• Construct a mind map for gastritis. Include the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation, as well as the diagnosis and treatment you explained in your paper.

Rubric:

Quality of Work Submitted:
The extent of which work meets the assigned criteria and work reflects graduate level critical and analytic thinking.–Levels of Achievement:Excellent 27 (27%) – 30 (30%)
Assignment exceeds expectations. All topics are addressed with a minimum of 75% containing exceptional breadth and depth about each of the assignment topics.
Good 24 (24%) – 26 (26%)
Assignment meets expectations. All topics are addressed with a minimum of 50% containing good breadth and depth about each of the assignment topics.
Fair 21 (21%) – 23 (23%)
Assignment meets most of the expectations. One required topic is either not addressed or inadequately addressed.
Poor 0 (0%) – 20 (20%)
Assignment superficially meets some of the expectations. Two or more required topics are either not addressed or inadequately addressed.Feedback:

Quality of Work Submitted:
The purpose of the paper is clear.–Levels of Achievement:Excellent 5 (5%) – 5 (5%)
A clear and comprehensive purpose statement is provided which delineates all required criteria.
Good 4 (4%) – 4 (4%)
Purpose of the assignment is stated, yet is brief and not descriptive.
Fair 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%)
Purpose of the assignment is vague or off topic.
Poor 0 (0%) – 3 (3%)
No purpose statement was provided.Feedback:

Assimilation and Synthesis of Ideas:
The extend to which the work reflects the student’s ability to:

Understand and interpret the assignment’s key concepts.–Levels of Achievement:Excellent 9 (9%) – 10 (10%)
Demonstrates the ability to critically appraise and intellectually explore key concepts.
Good 8 (8%) – 8 (8%)
Demonstrates a clear understanding of key concepts.
Fair 7 (7%) – 7 (7%)
Shows some degree of understanding of key concepts.
Poor 0 (0%) – 6 (6%)
Shows a lack of understanding of key concepts, deviates from topics.Feedback:

Assimilation and Synthesis of Ideas:
The extend to which the work reflects the student’s ability to:

Apply and integrate material in course resources (i.e. video, required readings, and textbook) and credible outside resources.–Levels of Achievement:Excellent 18 (18%) – 20 (20%)
Demonstrates and applies exceptional support of major points and integrates 2 or more credible outside sources, in addition to 2-3 course resources to suppport point of view.
Good 16 (16%) – 17 (17%)
Integrates specific information from 1 credible outside resource and 2-3 course resources to support major points and point of view.
Fair 14 (14%) – 15 (15%)
Minimally includes and integrates specific information from 2-3 resources to support major points and point of view.
Poor 0 (0%) – 13 (13%)
Includes and integrates specific information from 0 to 1 resoruce to support major points and point of view.Feedback:

Assimilation and Synthesis of Ideas:
The extend to which the work reflects the student’s ability to:

Synthesize (combines various components or different ideas into a new whole) material in course resources (i.e. video, required readings,  textbook) and outside, credible resources by comparing different points of view and highlighting similarities, differences, and connections.–Levels of Achievement:Excellent 18 (18%) – 20 (20%)
Synthesizes and justifies (defends, explains, validates, confirms) information gleaned from sources to support major points presented. Applies meaning to the field of advanced nursing practice.
Good 16 (16%) – 17 (17%)
Summarizes information gleaned from sources to support major points, but does not synthesize.
Fair 14 (14%) – 15 (15%)
Identifies but does not interpret or apply concepts, and/or strategies correctly; ideas unclear and/or underdeveloped.
Poor 0 (0%) – 13 (13%)
Rarely or does not interpret, apply, and synthesize concepts, and/or strategies.Feedback:

Written Expression and Formatting

Paragraph and Sentence Structure: Paragraphs make clear points that support well developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are clearly structured and carefully focused–neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance.–Levels of Achievement:Excellent 5 (5%) – 5 (5%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for structure, flow, continuity and clarity
Good 4 (4%) – 4 (4%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for structure, flow, continuity and clarity 80% of the time.
Fair 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for structure, flow, continuity and clarity 60%- 79% of the time.
Poor 0 (0%) – 3 (3%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for structure, flow, continuity and clarity < 60% of the time.Feedback:

Written Expression and Formatting

English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation–Levels of Achievement:Excellent 5 (5%) – 5 (5%)
Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors.
Good 4 (4%) – 4 (4%)
Contains a few (1-2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.
Fair 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%)
Contains several (3-4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.
Poor 0 (0%) – 3 (3%)
Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding.Feedback:

Written Expression and Formatting

The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, running head, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list.–Levels of Achievement:Excellent 5 (5%) – 5 (5%)
Uses correct APA format with no errors.
Good 4 (4%) – 4 (4%)
Contains a few (1-2) APA format errors.
Fair 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%)
Contains several (3-4) APA format errors.
Poor 0 (0%) – 3 (3%)

  

Directions

Read your text, Finkelman (2016), pp- 111-116.

Observe staff in delivery of nursing care provided. Practice settings may vary depending on availability.

Identify the model of nursing care that you observed. Be specific about what you observed, who was doing what, when, how and what led you to identify the particular model.

Write a 5-7 page paper.

Review and summarize two scholarly resources (not including your text) related to the nursing care model you observed in the practice setting.

Review and summarize two scholarly resources (not including your text) related to a nursing care model that is different from the one you observed in the practice setting.

Discuss your observations about how the current nursing care model is being implemented. Be specific.

Recommend a different nursing care model that could be implemented to improve quality of nursing care, safety and staff satisfaction. Be specific.

Provide a summary/conclusion about this experience/assignment and what you learned about nursing care models.

Analyze your Volunteer experience by writing a 1,000-1,250-word reflection in which you examine how volunteering enabled you to practice the principles of servant leadership. In your paper, reference and address the following:

-Summarize your servant leadership volunteer opportunity by sharing the who, what, when, where, why, and how of the experience.

-Which of Greenleaf’s principles of servant leadership did you implement and learn the most about through completing the servant leadership experience? Provide supporting examples and in-text citations.

Both Greenleaf and biblical passages referenced in the various study materials focus on the idea that power comes from giving it away and that taking the role of a servant can make one a leader. 

Discuss whether your servant leadership volunteer opportunity helped you to find yourself as a leader in this way. Provide supporting examples and in-text citations.

Explain how serving others as a leader might influence change or produce a positive impact for the greater good and contributes to the restoration of communities and society at large. Provide supporting examples and in-text citations.

Discuss what you learned about your personal leadership skills and style through your service experience. Provide supporting examples and in-text citations.

Looking forward, explain how you will use what you have learned about the principles of servant leadership in your workplace, organization with which you are involved, and in your personal life. Provide in-text citations.

 

Introduction

Inequality is a central concept in sociology. Every society has a stratification system—an arrangement of society into groups that are unequal with regard to things valued in that society. In the United States, for example, we stratify people based on social class (or how much income and wealth they have). Our location within the stratification system impacts much of our lives. How would your life be different if you came from a family with billions of dollars? Would you have gone to the same school? Played with the same toys? Gone on the same vacations?

While inequality exists in every society, it tends to be different as to how it is structured according to time period or location. In earlier times, inequality was based on who owned the land. Today, it is shaped by a variety of factors including income, wealth, gender, race/ethnicity, age, and ability status. For example, women and some racial/ethnic groups make less for the same work as males. Despite this, we have a tendency in the United States to believe that neither social class nor class conflict exist. Unfortunately, research and data suggest otherwise. We still have a division of people based on their income and wealth, with some at the top and others at the bottom. While we belong to a wealthy, industrially developed country, poverty still exists.

Sociologists examine these issues of poverty and inequality in a society and try to better understand why structures of inequality exist in society. Do you think inequality is always going to exist? Focus on this as you delve into the resources and prepare for the assessment.

Demonstration of Proficiency

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:

• Competency 3: Explain the significance of social inequality for the individual and society.
  • Explain whether or not economic inequality is inevitable.
  • Propose strategies to reduce inequality.
• Competency 5: Analyze the impact of social change on society and social institutions.
  • Examine potential changes to increase equality of opportunity.
  • Analyze factors that contribute to the growth of economic inequality.
• Competency 6: Compose text that articulates meaning relevant to its purpose and audience.
  • Develop text using organization, structure, and transitions that demonstrate understanding of cohesion between main and subtopics.

American culture emphasizes self-sufficiency and working hard to get where you want. It is assumed that everyone has the ability to succeed if they work hard enough. For this assessment, write a paper applying key concepts regarding social stratification to argue for or against the inevitability of economic inequality. While there are many forms of inequality in the United States, for this assessment we will be focusing solely on economic inequality.

Deliverable

Write an essay in which you complete all of the following:

• Part 1: Explain whether or not you think economic inequality is inevitable.
  • Respond to the question: Is economic inequality inevitable? Why or why not?
• Part 2: Analyze factors that contribute to growing economic inequality.
  • Analyze what factors have contributed to the growth of economic inequality in the past few decades. What factors cause economic inequality?
  • Propose strategies to reduce economic inequality.
• Part 3: Examine ways to increase equality of opportunity.
  • Reflect on ideas of equal opportunity and analyze why or why not you think American society provides everyone with an equal opportunity for success.
  • Examine what kinds of changes would help establish greater equality of opportunity for everyone in American society.​​​​

Additional Requirements

• Written communication: Develop text using organization, structure, and transitions that demonstrate understanding of cohesion between main and subtopics. Written communication is free of errors that detract from the overall message.
• Sources: Cite at least three scholarly sources.
• Length: 3–4 pages, not including title and reference pages.
• Format: Include a title page and reference page. Use in-text citations to cite your sources. [Example: Writing becomes better as the child matures (Britton, Thomas, & Miller, 1996).]
• Font and size: Times New Roman, 12-point.