During the last 5 weeks, you have explored various body systems: neurological, cardiovascular, respiratory, and hematological. These four systems work together along with other body systems to complete a myriad of functions. For this reason, when disorders occur within one body system, it can create potentially devastating effects throughout the entire body. For instance, Parkinson’s disease is a disorder of the central nervous system, yet its alterations actually affect multiple body systems from the cardiovascular system to the gastrointestinal system. In this Assignment, you examine alterations associated with disorders, as well as the impact of the alterations on multiple body systems.

To Prepare

· From the list below, select a disorder of interest to you:

o Alzheimer’s disease

o Asthma in children

o Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

o Congestive heart failure

o Hepatic disease (liver disease)

o Hypertension

o Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism

o Seizures

o Sepsis

· Identify alterations associated with your selected disorder. Consider the pathophysiology of the alterations. Think about how these alterations produce pathophysiological changes in at least two body systems.

· Reflect on how patient factors such as genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, and behavior might impact the pathophysiology of the alterations you identified, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of your selected disorder. 

· Review the “Mind maps—Dementia, Endocarditis, and Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)” media in the Week 2 Learning Resources. Use the examples in the media as a guide to construct a mind map for the disorder you selected. Consider the epidemiology and clinical presentation of your selected disorder.

Assignment

Develop a 5- to 10-slide PowerPoint presentation that addresses the following:

· Describe your selected disorder, as well as associated alterations. Explain the pathophysiology of the alterations, including changes that occur in at least two body systems.

· Explain how genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, and behavior might impact the pathophysiology of the alterations you identified, as well as diagnosis and treatment of your selected disorder.

· Construct a mind map for the disorder you selected. Include the epidemiology, pathophysiology of alterations, risk factors, and clinical presentation, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of the disorder.

Required Readings

Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2017). Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

· Chapter 35, “Structure and Function of the Digestive System”

This chapter provides information relating to the structure and function of the digestive system. It covers the gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs of digestion.

· Chapter 36, “Alterations of Digestive Function”

This chapter presents information relating to disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs of digestion. It also covers the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and irritable bowel syndrome.

· Chapter 37, “Alterations of Digestive Function in Children”

This chapter presents information relating to disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and liver that affect children. It focuses on congenital impairment, inflammatory disorders, metabolic disorders, as well as the impairment of digestion, absorption, and nutrition.

Hammer, G. D., & McPhee, S. J. (2019). Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical medicine (8th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.

· Chapter 13, “Gastrointestinal Disease”

This chapter provides a foundation for exploring gastrointestinal disorders by reviewing the structure and function of the GI tract. It also describes mechanisms of regulation of GI tract disorders such as acid-peptic disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and irritable bowel syndrome.

· Chapter 14, “Liver Disease”

This chapter reviews the structure and function of the liver. It then explores the clinical presentation, etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, and clinical manifestations of three liver disorders: acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, and cirrhosis.

· Chapter 15, “Disorders of the Exocrine Pancreas”

This chapter begins by reviewing the anatomy, histology, and physiology of the exocrine pancreas. It then examines the clinical presentation, etiology, pathology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations of acute and chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic insufficiency, and pancreatic cancer.

· de Bortoli, N., Martinucci, I., Bellini, M., Savarino, E., Savarino, V., Blandizzi, C., & Marchi, S. (2013). Overlap of functional heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease with irritable bowel syndrome. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 19(35), 5787-5797. doi:10.3748/wjg.v19.i35.5787

Required Media

History of OM chanting prior to modern postural yoga (MPY) and its adoption

and appropriation by MPY.

Questions: How does OM chanting affect the brain, and how did this adoption

allow for scientific breakthroughs surrounding OM chanting and vibration as a

potential treatment for neurological and/or psychological disorders? Can OM

chanting be used therapeutically for neurological and psychological conditions?

Points;

 History of OM and its use in MPY

 Vocal vibration is necessary for “cleansing” cerebrospinal fluid. Mantras

are more vibratory than normal speech.

 How modern medicine uses vibration for treatment and diagnosis,

including brain ultrasound for administering drugs

 fMRI study of OM

 Individual experiences of OM chanting as a healing ritual.

The attached document gives a good background.

Additional materials;

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3099099/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26891768

https://marcjwolf.com/articles/sound-vibrations-the-brain-new-connections-

paradigms/

Write a 1-page paper that addresses the following: Directions Below

Explain your diagnosis for the patient, including your rationale for the diagnosis.

Describe an appropriate drug therapy plan based on the patient’s history, diagnosis, and drugs currently prescribed.

Justify why you would recommend this drug therapy plan for this patient. Be specific and provide examples.

CASE STUDY:

Patient HL comes into the clinic with the following symptoms: nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. 

The patient has a history of drug abuse and possible Hepatitis C. 

HL is currently taking the following prescription drugs:

Synthroid 100 mcg daily

Nifedipine 30 mg daily

Prednisone 10 mg daily

Once the underlying cause is identified, an appropriate drug therapy plan can be recommended based on medical history and individual patient factors. In this Assignment, you examine a case study above of a patient who presents with symptoms of a possible GI/hepatobiliary disorder, and you design an appropriate drug therapy plan.Review the case study above and reflect on the patient’s symptoms, medical history, and drugs currently prescribed.Think about a possible diagnosis for the patient. Consider whether the patient has a disorder related to the gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary system or whether the symptoms are the result of a disorder from another system or other factors, such as pregnancy, drugs, or a psychological disorder.Consider an appropriate drug therapy plan based on the patient’s history, diagnosis, and drugs currently prescribed.

Comment 1

One weakness that I have with regards to professional presentations is pressured speech and tendency to skip information because of pressure and timing. All the “professional presentations” (nursing school) that I have been in, there is always a time limit. I then feel that I need to talk faster to be able to present all the information. If I feel the audience knows some of the information, then I will skip some bullet points and move on to another. I have come to realize this takes away from other individual’s learning experience. One personal strength that I have with regards to professional presentations is enthusiasm. No matter what the topic, I always put 100% into all my work. This information could change someone life. I also like to personalize the presentation in some way or another. Your personal experience could help someone in the future, or spark inspiration in someone to achieve one of their dreams.

One method of improvement for my weakness would include patience and non-assumption. I need to understand that the information being presented is important and to take time to present the material. I need not to assume that everyone’s knowledge base is the same, and need to present all the information that is one the PowerPoint. Working on these methods will make me as an individual seem more professional and that I have knowledge about the topic. Why would someone take information and use it in their practice if the presenter is unsure of themselves? One method of improvement for my strength would be limiting my personal experiences and know that not everything you say will change a situation forever. Too much personal experience takes away from the validity and importance of the presentation. Not every presentation will change a life, but it could expand their knowledge and understanding.

Comment 2

Professional presentations are not my favorite topic, I do not like being center of attention by any means. I tend to get nervous and anxious when I have to get in front of a group of people or present to an audience. One of my weaknesses giving professional presentations is my speech, I talk very fast when I get nervous, sometimes forgetting what just came out of my mouth and repeating myself. One way to improve this would be to create an outline of my presentation, write down notes on note cards, numbering each note card, turning them over after each point is covered, to make sure I do not repeat myself. Practicing the presentation in front of other people would also help reduce my anxiety. However, one of my strengths is using power point presentations and other visual aids. I enjoy being creative, using designs, graphs, and clip art to communicate important points. I have also found, that when I use power points in my presentations, it takes away some of the anxiety and fear that I am feeling. I am no longer the center of attention in my professional presentation, the power point I created becomes the focus.

It is important that I work on my speech and presentation, if I want to present my findings in a more formal setting, so other professionals will visualize me as being strong confident in my knowledge. Part of professional presentations, is understanding your audience, and determining what they want and expect to get from your presentation (Mind Tools, 2019). I know from experience, when presenters come across as nervous and anxious, the audience becomes bored and loses interest. A professional presentation, should engage an audience and make them feel important, providing information in a well-structured format, identifying key points, and using examples to support findings. Reading from note cards and a lecture, can also detour audiences from being engaged, losing their interest.  According to Mind Tools (2019) “you owe it to yourself, and your organization, to develop the skills you need to present your ideas clearly, purposefully, engagingly, and confidently” (p. 1). It would me in my best interest to take a class on public speaking, to help decrease my anxiety and give me the confidence and skills to become a better speaker and presenter.

Commant 3 DQ 2

Two potential barriers that may prevent my EBP change proposal from continuing past the 6 months to one-year interval would be time devoted to implementation and preparation and knowledge of the EBP being implemented according to Ginex (2018).

Time should be devoted to preparation of the staff and unit and also  including knowledge of why this practice is being changed or improved. The benefits to the staff and patients regarding this EBP should be clear and focused. Time should be allocated to questions and education regarding the concept. Provide opportunity for stakeholders to offer input and observations regarding the implementation.

 According to Ginex (2018), behavior change is not easy. It takes persistence, determination, and a readiness to be open to new options along the way. Working together will promote positive outcomes for both patients and ourselves.

Strategies for overcoming these barriers are according to Wyant (2017) include development of EBP models that address the clinical problem and an approach to ongoing practice change. Wyant (2017) refers to the Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice to Promote Quality Care, the Advanced Research and Clinical Practice Through Close Collaboration Model, the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Model, and the Promotion Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) Framework as examples of tools to help implement and EBP change. Each of the models address the sustainability of EBP through cultural change, stakeholder engagement, comprehensive literature review, barrier identification, and outcomes distribution.

Comment 4 DQ 2

Supporting a change can be interesting as well as difficult since many things can affect the process of changing. The two most critical potential barriers that may impact the evidence-based project is the patient’s attitude. A patient of urinary tract infection must involve himself/ herself in physical activity, but if the doctor is not allowing to perform any physical work, so the patient must stop doing it as it will be harmful to their health. The second most significant barriers that may impact the evidence-based project is the practice environment that is provided to the doctors.

I believe one of the most critical issues to support a change is to do self, require it from others and to maintain consistency. It seems very often, as judged from the practice at work, that supervisors are complacent and reluctant to require something from staff. I believe in the personal example, if needed to do it by self in the allocated time, then I can require it from others. For example, if management asked to do a procedure, the management must be ready to follow the procedure themselves and to remind staff to use the procedure over and over.

Sometimes doctors are not being facilitated by all the equipment to do the research and cannot find the solution of the new diseases. If doctors do not have enough knowledge of the disease, so it becomes difficult to suggest any solution to their diabetic patients. It is not easy to deal with such kind of barriers, but it is not impossible. One should try to communicate with patients more sensitively and try to convince them on our opinion and try earning their trust so that they can share every problem (Lyon, 2011). If a firm is unable to provide the equipment such as computers and machinery, then the doctors can launch awareness programs and should discuss more ideas with their trainees to have more possible solutions.