2020 NURSING Kaplan Exit Exam questions 2025

The nurse cares for a toddler diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenia purport. The child’s platelet count is 52,000/mm (52 x 10). The nurse prepares a care plan for the child. Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for this child? Fatigue related to elevated platelet count. Risk for injury related to low platelet count. Risk for activity intolerance related to need for rest. Impaired Physical mobility related to need for physical therapy. 2. The client takes heparin 12, 000 units daily by subcutaneous injection. Today’s aPTT level is 45 seconds. Which action does the nurse take first? Nothing as this is a normal a PTT level Notifies the health care provider to decrease the dosage. Changes the route from subcutaneous to intramuscular. Notifies the health care provider to increase the dosage. 3. The client is the single parent of the 2 week old baby, the firstborn child. The client had considered terminating the pregnancy but continued the pregnancy. There is little client family support. The client has a history of an editing disorder. The nurse knows which nursing diagnosis is most important for the client? Risk for impaired attachment related to lack of knowledge of child care. Situational Low Self-Esteem related to body changes of childbirth. Risk for ineffective coping related to postpartum depression. Disturbed sleep Pattern related to care of infant at night. 4.A nurse provides care for the newborn in the delivery area. The baby is breathing and crying well with good color. The nurse knows which priority is next? Prevent cold stress. Record Apgar. Initiate physical assessment. Begin bonding with parents. 5. The nurse care for the adolescent diagnosed with acquired aplastic anemia. The diagnosis is related to the practice of huffing substances with benzene. Which goal is the most important for this client during immunosuppression? Will have increased production of red blood cells. Will manage pain related to growth factor injections. Will cope with probability of death from disease. Will verbalize feelings about lack of bone marrow donor. 6. The nurse is preparing to insert an indwelling urinary catheter. Prioritize the order of steps.. From start to finish. All options must be used. Unordered options Lubricate tip of the catheter. Drape the client Insert the catheter Put on sterile gloves Cleanse the meatus 7.The nurse assesses the position of the fetus at the beginning of labor. The nurse feels the fetal occiput toward the left side of the pregnant clients sacrum. How does the nurse interpret thus finding? Right occiput anterior (ROA); fetus is currently in correct position for birth. Left sacrum anterior (LSA); fetus will need to flip end to end prior to birth. Left occiput transverse (LOT); fetus will turn head slightly prior to birth. Left occiput posterior (LOP); fetus will need to burn head prior to birth. 8. A client diagnosed with infective endocarditis is discharged home on IV antibiotic therapy. The nurse knows the client understands the discharge treatment plan when the client makes which statement? “when I get home, I can take of these compression stockings when I am walking.” “I can help care for my grandchildren when they are sick and stay home from school” “I can go back to my job next week and start back traveling” “I will tell my dentist about this illness before having my teeth cleaned.” 9. The client sustained a right hip fracture. The client had surgery to repair the hip. The nurse prepares for the client to return from surgery to the surgical unit. Which equipment is out important for the nurse to have available? Sandbags and pillows Walker and wheelchair Elevated toilet seat Continuous passive motion machine. 10. The nurse care for the 4 year old child. The parents report the child is irritable and has lost weight. The nurse assesses the child and discovers an irregular heart rate at 18- beats per minute and rest at 24 per min. Which does the nurse do first? Assesses the Childs temperature Notifies the health care provider Tells the parent the child has a heart disorder Asks the child if there is any chest pain 11. The nurse care for a client with as kin rash. The client scratches the rash and the skin starts to bleed. The nurse includes which nursing diagnosis in the clients plan of care? Ineffective health maintenance. Impaired skin integrity Impaired tissue integrity Risk for bleeding 12. A nurse in the clinic performs a pregnancy test and tells the couple they are pregnant. They are both excited and appear happy. At the next clinic visit, the client tells the nurse the partner is quiet and withdrawn although seeming initially happy at the news. Which is the best response by the nurse? When the pregnancy is more obvious, the partner will feel better. The changes in their life may be causing the partner anxiety The clients should be less enthusiastic around the partner The partner should seek psychiatric help for depression. 13. The Hospitalized client is scheduled for a paracentesis because of ascites. The nurse identifies which client goal related to the procedure? Client will have pain reduced from 10 to 8 Client will ave increased peripheral perfusion Client will understand reasons for the medication. Client will have bowel function return to normal. 14. A client reports indigestion that is not relieved with antacids. The client appears pale and ashen and the skin is cool and clammy. Which additional assessment data does the anticipate? (Select all that apply) Temperature above 102 F (38.9 C) Dyspnea Constipation and abdominal pain Extreme thirst and hunger Chest tightness Pain in the left arm and back 15. A client is 30 weeks pregnant. The delivery will be by cessarean birth due to a breech presentation. Which information does the nurse give the client regarding the delivery? (Select all that apply) Will have an IV started in the preoperative area. Will plan for epidural anesthesia Wil be given medication to relax prior to surgery Will have a full bowel prep Will be admitted the night before surgery Will have an indwelling urinary catheter inserted 16. The nurse obtains a specimen for arterial blood gasses from a client. Which principles guides the nurse? May use peripheral IV site if no IV fluids present Continuous intra arterial monitoring is required Air in the syringe will after the blood values Clotted blood will reserve the blood gas values 17. The client takes rifampin and isoniazid for turberculosis. The nurse knows the client understands the teaching about rifampin when which client statement is made? My urine may change color and become bluish.” “Because I have kidney disease, my dose is less than my spouse’s.” “I will need to have liver test done every week.” “I will take my medication 1 hour before I eat.” 18. A parent brings an infant client to the emergency department after the infant fell out of the high chair. The nurse assess the infant for a head injury. Which assessment data indicates the infant needs further testing? (select all that apply) Blurred vision Difficult to arouse from sleep Severe headache Difficulty speaking Bulging anterior fontanel Right eye pupil dilated 19. A psychiatrist nurse cares several clients with personally disorders. The nurse recognizes that clients diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder exhibit which characteristic? (Select all that apply.) Exploitative habaviors Self-multilating behaviors Grandiosity Preoccupation with orderliness Hypersensitivity to criticism Attention seeking behavior. 20. The nurse presents a Program on Lyme disease. The nurse determines teaching is needed when a child makes which statement? “I will make sure I get the vaccination for lyme disease this spring” “if I get a tick bite, I will watch for a bullseye rash for up to 30 days”. “my dog has a new flea and tick collar, and I will check for ticks very day”. Insect repellent with DEET will help keep ticks from biting me”. 21. A client diagnosed with psoriasis is treated with etanercept. The nurse knows the client understands the disease and treatment when the client makes which statement. “I will stop the medication when I no longer have any symptoms.” “I Can apply this medication will cure the psoriasis.” “I am so glad this medication will cure the psoriasis”. “I will take this medication until I come to the clinic again” 22. The Nurse cares for the 13 year old child diagnosed with vesicoureteral reflux secondary to strictures caused by repeated bladder infections. The child receives continuous low dose antibiotics. The nurse assesses the compliance of treatment. Which questions does the nurse ask the child? (Select all that apply) “How much fluid do you drink each day” Are you active in any sports?” “how much sleep do you get at night?” “When do you take your medications”? “What foods do you like best and eat often?” “How often do you void during the day? 23. A client had a myocardial infarction. The nurse teaches the client to seek immediate treatment for which symptoms? (select all that apply) Shortness of breath with cough and nasal drainage. Jaw pain with dyspnea and dizziness. Heave its photophobia Chest pain with nausea and vommiting Abdominal pain with constipation Chest heaviness with pressure

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Assessing a Healthcare Program/Policy Evaluation 2025

Assignment: Assessing a Healthcare Program/Policy Evaluation Program/policy evaluation is a valuable tool that can help strengthen the quality of programs/policies and improve outcomes for the populations they serve. Program/policy evaluation answers basic questions about program/policy effectiveness. It involves collecting and analyzing information about program/policy activities, characteristics, and outcomes. This information can be used to ultimately improve program services or policy initiatives. Nurses can play a very important role assessing program/policy evaluation for the same reasons that they can be so important to program/policy design. Nurses bring expertise and patient advocacy that can add significant insight and impact. In this Assignment, you will practice applying this expertise and insight by selecting an existing healthcare program or policy evaluation and reflecting on the criteria used to measure the effectiveness of the program/policy. To Prepare: · Review the Healthcare Program/Policy Evaluation Analysis Template provided in the Resources. · Select an existing healthcare program or policy evaluation or choose one of interest to you and get approval to use it from your Instructor. · Review the healthcare program or policy evaluation and reflect on the criteria used to measure the effectiveness of the program or policy described. The Assignment: (2–3 pages) Based on the program or policy evaluation you selected, complete the Healthcare Program/Policy Evaluation Analysis Template. Be sure to address the following: · Describe the healthcare program or policy outcomes. · How was the success of the program or policy measured? · How many people were reached by the program or policy selected? · How much of an impact was realized with the program or policy selected? · At what point in program implementation was the program or policy evaluation conducted? · What data was used to conduct the program or policy evaluation? · What specific information on unintended consequences was identified? · What stakeholders were identified in the evaluation of the program or policy? Who would benefit most from the results and reporting of the program or policy evaluation? Be specific and provide examples. · Did the program or policy meet the original intent and objectives? Why or why not? · Would you recommend implementing this program or policy in your place of work? Why or why not? · Identify at least two ways that you, as a nurse advocate, could become involved in evaluating a program or policy after 1 year of implementation.

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Gaps in literature and different types of evidence 2025

Provide a 3-4 sentence response to discussion question answer provided below in apa format with in-text citations. Title page is not needed Answer: Identifying gaps during literature review or other types of evidence is an integral step in a systematic review. Gaps in research findings can be related to insufficient or vague information, biased information, inconsistent results, unknown consistency with the results, or not providing the right information. Research gaps can limit the ability for key stakeholders to make decisions and implement evidence-based practice changes (Robinson, 2013). Even though research may present with gaps, do these gaps help or hinder when attempting to create change in an organization? The answer could be both. In one instance, it could hinder the process if the existing evidence does not answer the question or there are significant deficiencies with the information which limits the ability to create a solution to a practice problem. On the other hand, research gaps can be further developed and provide a springboard for stakeholders to look into other areas of research or evidence (Robinson, 2013). Original Question: When reviewing the literature and different types of evidence, there are often gaps in the findings. Are such gaps a help or a hindrance when wanting to create a change?

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Discuss how the concept of “health” has changed overtime. Discuss how the concept has evolved to include wellness, illness 2025

1 posts Re: Topic 3 DQ 1 In the nineteenth century, health was described as the absence of disease.Because of the lack of sanitary conditions, diseases spread more widely.Sanitary conditions were better known in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and steps were taken to adequately control them, resulting in diseases that were more manageable. Vaccines were invented in the twentieth century, and the concept of health changed from cure to prevention. As the field of health promotion expanded, the term “health” came to mean a combination of factors such as physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being (Falkner, 2018). Today’s goals is to create a community of wellness in which health promotion and disease prevention take precedence over seeking careonce an illness has developed.We now realize that fitness and wellbeing go hand in hand with disease prevention. We may not always have control over our health, but we can make decisions to improve our well-being. Promoting good health has existed for as long as there have been efforts to improve the public’s health. “The method of encouraging people to gain control over and improve their health is known as health promotion” (World Health Organization, 2019, para. 1).It shifts the emphasis away from human actions and toward a variety of social and environmental interventions.The nurse’s position in health promotion is critical, and it includes being an advocate, a provider of care/services, a care manager, an educator, and a researcher. The nurse is pushing reform to strengthen procedures in order to improve patient safety by using EBP to do so. Falkner, A. (2018) Health promotion in nursing care. In Grand Canyon University (Eds.), Health promotion: Health and wellness across the continuum. Retrieved from World Health Organization. (2019). What is health promotion. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/healthpromotion/fact-sheet/e Respond using 200-300 words APA format with references supporting in discussion

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Walden NURS6521 Week 9 Quiz 2017 2025

Question 1 A nurse educator who coordinates the staff education on an oncology unit is conducting an inservice on targeted therapies. What potential benefit of targeted therapies should the nurse highlight in this education session? A) Targeted therapies achieve the therapeutic benefits of traditional chemotherapy with no risk of adverse effects. B) Targeted therapies have the potential to provide prophylactic protection against neoplasia in high-risk individuals. C) Targeted therapies are significantly more cost-effective than traditional chemotherapeutic drugs. D) Targeted therapies have the potential to damage cancerous cells while leaving normal body cells less affected. Question 2 An oncology nurse is aware of the risks for injury that exist around the preparation, transportation, and administration of chemotherapeutic agents. In order to reduce these risks of injury, the nurse should take which of the following actions? A) Dispose of intravenous lines used for chemotherapy administration in a covered trash can in the patient’s room. B) Use an IV system for administration that includes needles to reduce the risk of accidental spills. C) Prime the IV tubing with an approved IV solution rather than with the drug itself. D) Encourage patients who have been receiving chemotherapy to use a bedside commode rather than a toilet. Question 3 A patient has just received her first dose of imatinib and the nurse on the oncology unit is amending the patient’s care plan accordingly. What nursing diagnosis is most appropriate in light of this addition to the patient’s drug regimen? A) Risk for Infection related to bone marrow suppression B) Risk for Acute Confusion related to adverse neurological effects of imatinib C) Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity related to exaggerated inflammatory response D) Risk for Deficient Fluid Volume related to changes in osmotic pressure Question 4 A nurse has administered filgrastim to a diverse group of patients in recent months. Which of the following patients should the nurse observe for extremely elevated white blood cell counts following administration of the drug? A) A 19-year-old male receiving radiotherapy B) A 25-year-old female with a diagnosis of congenital neutropenia C) A 39-year-old female with a nonmyeloid malignancy D) A 47-year-old male with aplastic anemia Question 5 A patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) will imminently begin a course of treatment with rituximab. In order to minimize the risk of adverse effects, what strategy for administration will be adopted? A) Admitting the patient to the intensive care unit in anticipation of the initial bolus of the drug B) Administering diphenhydramine 30 minutes prior to the initial dose of rituximab C) Administering the drug by slow infusion to two peripheral IV sites simultaneously D) Administering the initial doses by slow infusion while observing for adverse reactions Question 6 A 45-year-old woman with acute leukemia is going to begin chemotherapy with vincristine. The nurse is aware that vincristine must always be administered A) at a rapid infusion rate. B) at a slow infusion rate. C) through an IV line primed with vincristine. D) through a central line. Question 7 Mr. Singh is a 66-year-old man who is receiving chemotherapy for the treatment of lung cancer that has metastasized to his liver. In an effort to prevent infection, Mr. Singh has been prescribed filgrastim (Neupogen). Which of the nurse’s following assessment questions most directly addresses a common adverse effect of filgrastim? A) “Have you noticed any bleeding in your gums or cheeks?” B) “Do you feel like you’re having any pain in your bones?” C) “Are you experiencing any waves of cool, clammy skin?” D) “Have you had any shortness of breath lately?” Question 8 A 67-year-old man who is being treated for prostate cancer is taking epoetin alfa. The nurse will instruct the patient to A) stop taking the drug after a 2-week period. B) schedule an appointment to measure hemoglobin twice a week for at least 2 to 6 weeks. C) schedule an appointment to check if the patient has a high WBC count. D) begin taking a calcium channel blocker to treat hypertension, which usually develops as an adverse effect of epoetin alfa therapy. Question 9 A male patient is receiving heparin by continuous intravenous infusion. The nurse will instruct the patient and family members to report which of the following should it occur? A) A skin rash B) Sudden occurrence of sleepiness and drowsiness C) Dizziness D) Presence of blood in urine or stools abcd Question 10 A nurse is caring for a 64-year-old female patient who is receiving IV heparin and reports bleeding from her gums. The nurse checks the patient’s laboratory test results and finds that she has a very high aPTT. The nurse anticipates that which of the following drugs may be ordered? A) Coumadin B) Alteplase C) Ticlopidine D) Protamine sulfate Question 11 A nurse has been assigned to a 55-year-old woman who has a malignant brain tumor. The patient is receiving her first dose of carmustine. It will be critical for the nurse to observe for which of the following? A) Nausea and vomiting B) Respiratory difficulty C) Inability to drink fluids for 6 hours D) Reddish urine Question 12 A nurse is assessing a patient who has chronic lymphoblastic myelogenous leukemia. The treatment plan includes hydroxyurea (Hydrea). The nurse will assess the patient for which of the following? A) Diabetes mellitus B) Hypertension C) Leukopenia D) Hypoglycemia Question 13 A patient’s current course of cancer treatment involves the administration of a conjugated monoclonal antibody. What characteristic of the drug is specified by the fact that it is classified as a conjugated drug? A) The drug is derived from nonhuman sources. B) The targeted therapy is combined with another substance that causes cell death. C) The targeted therapy is combination of a monoclonal antibody, a kinase inhibitor, and an inorganic cytotoxin. D) The drug is able to adapt its pharmacokinetics to the etiology of the patient’s cancer. Question 14 An oncology nurse is reviewing the pathophysiology of cancer and is discussing with a colleague the factors that contribute to the success or failure of a patient’s chemotherapy. Which of the following cancerous cells is most susceptible to the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs? A) Cells with a long generation time B) Cells that lack contact inhibition C) Cells that have a rapid mitotic rate D) Cells that lack a blood supply Question 15 A patient receiving high-dose cisplatin therapy exhibits symptoms of hypomagnesemia. Which of the following should the nurse suggest to help offset the magnesium losses from the cisplatin therapy? A) Consuming dairy products B) Consuming chocolates C) Drinking 2 to 3 liters of fluid a day D) Consuming potassium-rich foods Question 16 An older adult woman has been diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and her care team has identified potential benefits of imatinib. Which of the following characteristics of this patient’s current health status may preclude the use of imatinib? A) The patient has type 2 diabetes mellitus that is controlled using diet and oral antihyperglycemics. B) The patient has chronic heart failure resulting in significant peripheral edema. C) The patient experienced a mild ischemic stroke several years ago and had transient ischemic attacks last year. D) The patient had a total knee arthroplasty several months earlier. Question 17 A female patient is prescribed oprelvekin therapy to treat thrombocytopenia. Which of the following should the nurse continuously monitor to determine the efficacy and duration of the oprelvekin therapy? A) Weight gain B) Platelet count C) Red and white blood cell count D) Cardiac arrhythmias Question 18 During ongoing assessment of a patient receiving 5-FU therapy, the nurse finds the patient’s platelet count to be 92,000 cells/mm3. The nurse should do which of the following? A) Consult the prescriber for an increase in dosage B) Consult the prescriber for a decrease in dosage C) Consult the prescriber for discontinuation of the drug D) Continue the therapy as prescribed Question 19 A nurse has been assigned to a female patient who is to begin chemotherapy. The nurse will initiate the prescribed oprelvekin therapy A) 6 to 24 hours after chemotherapy. B) 2 days after chemotherapy. C) 6 days after chemotherapy. D) 10 days after chemotherapy. Question 20 A patient with a recent diagnosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is discussing treatment options with his care team.What aspect of the patient’s condition would contraindicate the use of cyclophosphamide for the treatment of leukemia? A) The patient has a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and takes oral antihyperglycemics. B) The patient has had a history of nonadherence to medical treatment. C) The patient’s bone marrow function is significantly depressed. D) The patient has decreased renal function. Question 21 A female patient has follicular non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and is receiving thalidomide (Thalomid). It will be most important for the nurse to monitor this patient for which of the following? A) Angina B) Fever C) Chills and rigors D) Bleeding Question 22 When planning care for a patient who is receiving filgrastim (Neupogen) for a nonmyeloid malignancy, the nurse should formulate which of the following patient outcomes? (Select all that apply.) A) The patient will not develop an infection. B) The patient will not experience bone pain. C) The patient will be able to self-administer filgrastim at home. D) The patient will not develop febrile neutropenia. E) The patient will not retain fluid. Question 23 A nurse is to use a single-dose 1 mL vial to administer 0.5 mL of epoetin alfa to a 39-year-old woman who is being treated for chemotherapy-induced anemia. Which of the following will the nurse do with the unused portion of the drug? A) Refrigerate the medication for a future use. B) Discard the unused portion of the drug. C) Store the medication in the drug cart for the next dose. D) Put the medication in the freezer compartment of the refrigerator. Question 24 nurse is discussing oprelvekin therapy with a male patient. Which of the following will the nurse tell the patient is the most common adverse effect of the drug? A) Medullary bone pain B) Papilledema C) Fluid retention/weight gain D) Atrial arrhythmia Question 25 A patient with chronic heart failure has begun treatment with epoetin alfa, which she will receive in her own home from a home health nurse. The nurse should teach the patient to supplement this treatment with a diet that is high in A) iron-rich foods such as beans and leafy green vegetables. B) complex carbohydrates and vegetable-source proteins. C) calcium, such as dairy products, fish and vegetables. D) protein and low in carbohydrates. Question 26 A nurse is administering rituximab to a patient via the IV route. The nurse will set the IV pump at 50 mg/hour for the first half hour of the initial infusion. If there are not apparent reactions after 30 minutes of the infusion, the nurse will increase the dosage every 30 minutes by 50 mg/hour until the maximum infusion rate reaches which of the following? A) 250 mg/hour B) 300 mg/hour C) 400 mg/hour D) 500 mg/hour Question 27 A 62-year-old patient taking tamoxifen exhibits increased bone and tumor pain along with a local disease flare. The nurse interprets this as an indication of which of the following? A) A hypersensitivity reaction B) The tumor responding to treatment C) Nephrotoxic effects of tamoxifen D) Cardiomyopathy Question 28 A male patient is receiving rituximab therapy for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Which of the following would be a priority nursing intervention to reduce the risk for cytotoxicity and tumor lysis syndrome? A) Ensure that the patient maintains a normal breathing pattern. B) Ensure that the patient maintains a normal fluid and electrolyte balance. C) Protect the patient from exposure to infections. D) Monitor the patient for deterioration in renal function. Question 29 A patient with a diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia has met with her oncologist, who has recommended treatment with the kinase inhibitor imatinib. What route of administration should the nurse explain to the patient? A) Daily intramuscular injections throughout the course of treatment B) Peripheral IV administration three times a day for 7 to 10 days C) Weekly IV infusions over 6 to 8 hours through a central line D) Oral administration of imatinib in a home setting Question 30 A 60-year-old patient experienced a sudden onset of chest pain and shortness of breath and was subsequently diagnosed with a pulmonary embolism in the emergency department. The patient has been started on an intravenous heparin infusion. How does this drug achieve therapeutic effect? A) By promoting the rapid excretion of vitamin K by the gastrointestinal mucosa B) By inhibiting the action of vitamin K at its sites of action C) By inhibiting platelet aggregation on vessel walls and promoting fibrinolysis D) By inactivating clotting factors and thus stopping the coagulation cascade Question 31 A male patient has been on long-term bicalutamide (Casodex) therapy. In order to assess adverse effects of the drug therapy, the nurse will closely monitor which of the following? A) Visual function B) Blood counts C) Pap test results D) Liver function Question 32 Intravenous carmustine has been prescribed for a patient with cancer. The nurse should help relieve the discomfort of pain and burning during the infusion by A) slowing the infusion. B) decreasing the volume used for dilution. C) decreasing the total volume of the primary IV infusion. D) administering a dose of 2 units of bleomycin before carmustine. Question 33 A middle-aged patient has received a diagnosis of GI stromal tumor following an extensive diagnostic workup. Imatinib has been recommended as a component of the patient’s drug regimen. What patient education should the nurse provide to this patient? A) “It’s important that you let us know if you develop any significant swelling or puffiness.” B) “Try to keep your PICC line dressing as dry as possible at all times.” C) “You’ll likely experience a lot of dry mouth while you’re taking this drug, so it’s helpful to chew ice chips.” D) “If you experience significant nausea after taking a dose, stop taking the drug and schedule an appointment at the clinic.” Question 34 A nurse has completed a medication reconciliation of a patient who has been admitted following a motor vehicle accident. Among the many drugs that the patient has received in the previous year is rituximab. The nurse would be justified in suspecting the patient may have received treatment for which of the following diseases? A) Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma B) Malignant melanoma C) Nonsmall cell lung cancer D) Renal cell carcinoma Question 35 Mr. Lepp is a 63-year-old man who was diagnosed with colon cancer several weeks ago and who is scheduled to begin chemotherapy.He reports to the nurse that he read about the need for erythropoietin in an online forum for cancer patients and wants to explore the use of epoetin alfa with his oncologist. Which of the following facts should underlie the nurse’s response to Mr. Lepp? A) Epoetin alfa is normally contraindicated in patients who are receiving radiotherapy or chemotherapy. B) Treatment with epoetin alfa will likely begin 4 to 6 days before Mr. Lepp’s first round of chemotherapy and continue indefinitely. C) The potential benefits of epoetin alfa must be weighed carefully against the potential adverse effects in cancer patients. D) Mr. Lepp’s oncologist should have begun treatment with epoetin alfa immediately after he was diagnosed.

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