Explain the differences between blood, as well as blood-forming organs, and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism. Which ones (blood forming organisms, parasites, or diseases) stand out to you, and why?

Please include the name of the person or question to which you are replying in the subject line. For example, “Tom’s response to Susan’s comment.”

A disaster, according the the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent societies, is “ a sudden, calamitous even that seriously disrupts the functioning of a community or society and causes human, material, and economic or environmental losses that exceed the community’s or society’s ability to cope using it own resources” (International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, n.d.). When disasters occur it has an everlasting effect not only on the individuals, it affected physically but it can also leave a devastating affect on them spiritually. For example when hurricane Harvey struck the Texas Gulf Coast, it had an enormous affect on the residents of the affected areas physically and spiritually. People lost their lives, homes, and everything they ever had causing them physical and emotional damage which can probably never be recovered or recouped. During these times, the need for spiritual care may become dire regardless of religious affiliation, chaplains play an important role in supporting the communities’ emotional need during and after devastating event (Falkner, 2019).

It is important for the community nurse to assist the individuals, community, self, and colleagues in these times because it can place a physical and emotional strain on everyone involved. Nurses working with the victims and the community can advocate for the spiritual needs of patients by locating the chaplain whenever possible and facilitating the incorporation of spiritual practices that do not interfere with patient safety or the the course of treatment and provide spiritual comfort (Falkner, 2019). Colleagues will need assistance because during these tough times, it can place an emotional strain on them because so much is needed from them to help the community, that colleagues may need an outlet or some sort of prayer to help them get through the tough times.

References:

Community and Public Health: The Future of Health Care. (2019). Retrieved from Grand Canyon University (Ed.): https://1c.gcumedia.com/nrs427vn/community-and-public-health-the-future-of-health-care/v1.1/

Falkner, A. (2019). Community as Client. In Community & public health: The future of health care. Retrieved from https://lc.gcumedia.com/nrs427vn/community-and-public-health-the-future-of-health-care/v1.1/

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. (n.d.). What is a disaster? Retrieved from https://www.ifrc.org/en/what-we-do/disaster-management/about-disaster/what-is-a-disaster

Spirituality is an inner belief system. It is a spirit to spirit relationship to oneself, others and the God of ones understanding. Everyone is a spiritual being. A disaster affects the entire fabric of a community that existed prior to the event and can cause traumatic stress among the whole community. It’s recovery is in large part the rebuilding of the community, the retying of the thousands of strands of relationship in the fabric of our being together that have been severed by the disaster.(Rev. J. Robinson ,Jr)

Spiritual distress is when a person or a group of people experience a disturbance in their belief or value which really happens in a disaster, or when the system that provides strength, hope and meaning to life is no more.

Public health nurses should offer their presence and hospitality during this time. They should meet and accept people exactly as they are, practice the Do no Harm, they should not evangelize, proselytize or exploit vulnerable persons in need during this time. Their role is to provide sensitive and appropriate care for all and respect every spiritual perspective, provide a shoulder to cry on both for their individual families and their patients. It takes a certain level of professionalism to be able to balance and cope with both. It takes the strength from a supernatural being.

References:

Light Our Way: A Guide for Spiritual Care in Times of Disaster. NVOAD,2006

The Etymology of the Word Chaplain: Morgan;2000 by Chaplains Ministries, Internet article

Chapter 5, Community and Public Health: The Future of Health Care. Retrieved from: https://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/grand-canyon-university/2018/community-and-public-health_the-future-of-health-care_1e.php

Discussion: Comparing Frameworks for Analyzing Organizations

Avedis Donabedian’s work generated a pivotal means of assessing organizational performance relative to structure, process, and outcomes. However, it is clearly not sufficient to view health care quality merely in terms of outcomes—the structures and processes that facilitate these outcomes are equally as important.

In this Discussion, you consider multiple frameworks that can be used to analyze an organization. As you proceed, consider how these frameworks allow you to examine the interplay of interdependent and related parts and processes that comprise the systems within an organization, as well as the arrangements or structures that connect these parts.

To prepare:

• Investigate and reflect on the systems and structures of an organization with which you are familiar. Consider the following:
  • What is the reporting structure?
  • Who holds formal and informal authority?
  • How many layers of management are there between the frontline and the highest office-holders of the organization?
  • How are interdisciplinary teams organized?
  • How is communication facilitated?
  • How well integrated is decision making among clinical personnel and administrative professionals?
  • How are particular service lines organized?
  • Which departments, groups, and/or individuals within the organization are responsible for monitoring matters related to performance, such as quality and finances?
• Select two of the following frameworks:
  • Learning organizations, presented in the Elkin, Haina, and Cone article
  • Complex adaptive systems (CAS), presented in the Nesse, Kutcher, Wood, and Rummans article
  • Clinical microsystems, presented in the Sabino, Friel, Deitrick, and Sales-Lopez article
  • Good to great, presented in the Geller article
  • The 5 Ps, presented in the ASHP Foundation article
• Review the Learning Resources for each of the frameworks that you selected. Also conduct additional research to strengthen your understanding of how to use each framework to assess an organization.
• Compare the two frameworks. How could each framework be used to identify opportunities to improve performance? In particular, how would you use each of these frameworks to analyze the organization that you have selected?

By Day 3

Post an analysis of the systems and structures of the organization you selected, sharing specific examples. Explain insights that you gained by comparing the two frameworks, and how each can be used to assess an organization, identify a need for improvement, and, ultimately, enhance the performance of an organization.

Hickey, J. V., & Brosnan, C. A. (2017). Evaluation  of health care quality in for DNPs (2nd  ed.). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.
Chapter 1, “Evaluation and DNPs: The Mandate for Evaluation” (pp. 3-36)
Chapter 3, “Conceptual Models for Evaluation in Advanced Nursing Practice” (pp. 61-86)
Chapter 6, “Evaluating Organizations and Systems” (pp. 127-142)Chapter 1 defines microsystem, mesosystem, and macrosystem and notes that evaluation can focus on one of these levels or all three. Chapter 5 examines the evaluation of organizations and systems.

Sadeghi, S., Barzi, A., Mikhail, O., & Shabot, M. M. (2013). Integrating quality and strategy in health care organizations, Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
Chapter 2, “Understanding the Healthcare Organization” (pp. 31–43)Although this chapter focuses on hospitals, the authors provide information about strategic planning and organizational structure that is applicable in many health care settings. The authors examine financial and quality issues as key aspects of performance measurement.

Elkin, G., Zhang, H., & Cone, M. (2011). The acceptance of Senge’s learning organisation model among managers in China: An interview study. International Journal of Management, 28(4), 354–364.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

This article outlines the five disciplines that Senge argued could be found in a learning organization. The authors also discuss the worldview that is inherent in business organizations in China and explain how this relates to Senge’s theory.

Geller, E. S. (2006). From good to great in safety: What does it take to be world class? Professional Safety, 51(6), 35–40.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Geller reviews and applies Collin’s foundational Good to Great theory from its focus on financial success to safety.

Nesse, R. E., Kutcher, G., Wood, D., & Rummans, T. (2010). Framing change for high-value healthcare systems. Journal for Healthcare Quality, 32(1), 23–28.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

This article explores how to implement change in complex adaptive systems (CAS) such as health care. The authors purport that an understanding of the principles of change management in CAS is critical for success.

Sabino, J. N., Friel, T., Deitrick, L. M., & Salas-Lopez, D. (2009). Striving for cultural competence in an HIV program: The transformative impact of a microsystem in a larger health network. Health & Social Work, 34(4), 309–313.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

The authors discuss cultural competence as part of a patient-centered perspective on health care delivery. They examine an approach to creating innovation that originates at the unit (microsystem) level and can be diffused to the larger health care environment (macrosystem).

After reading the following scenario decide whether Mr. Howe made the right decision in regard to his ailing wife. Describe the factors you considerd in in reaching your decision?

An elderly Florida man was in jail after he said he fatally shot his ailing wife because her medications were no longer affordable and she was in pain. William Howe, 86, was being held without bond after telling authorities that he had shot his wife in the head as she slept that morning in their home according to an affidavit. Mr. Howe called the 911 emergency line several hours after the fatal shooting. Howe told authorities that after the shooting he went to the kitchen for a cup of coffee, and called his daughters to tell them what he had done.

“I want to apologize I didn’t call earlier. I wanted to tell my kids what happened first,” Howe told authorities. Howe told authorities that he had been thinking of killing his wife, 84, for several days because she was in pain, the affidavit said. Howe said she had told him that she wanted to die in the past, and she had asked him to kill her, according to the affidavit.

A dispatcher at the County Sheriff’s Office said Howe remained in jail on a charge of first-degree, premeditated murder after an initial court appearance.

A local broadcaster reported that the couple had filed for bankruptcy in 2016 and that Carolyn Howe had been suffering from severe arthritis and other medical issues for at least 15 years. The AARP, a non-profit advocacy organization for people 50 years and older, said in a report last November that increasing costs for certain specialty prescription drugs have put them out of reach for many people and that Medicare does not necessarily make those drugs affordable. Authorities did not say what specific drugs Mrs. Howe was taking nor what kind of insurance the couple may have had. A search of records at the Florida Department of Law Enforcement does not show a prior criminal history for Mr. Howe.

5 points will be awarded for the introduction

10 points will be awarded for the quality of the body of the paper

5 points will be awarded for the concluding section of the paper