Please complete attached “Speep and Dream Diary”. You should complete the grid each morning when you first wake up. In this weeks’ assignment you will need to analyze results of your “Sleep and Dream Diary” and come up with the hypotheses. For example, one might hypothesize that those who spend more time sleeping also spend more time dreaming and thus can report more dreams.   
Please formulate your hypotheses and write a two page summary of your hypothesis and supporting facts and findings.

This assignment must be submitted in “doc” or “ docx.” format. Additionally, it must be typed, double spaced, Times New Roman font (size 12), one inch margins on all sides. Type the question followed by your answer to the question. A title page is to be included. The title page is to contain the title of the assignment, your name, the instructor’s name, the course title, and the date.

  

Question

Question 1

2 / 2 pts

In hemolytic anemia, jaundice occurs only when

the patient has elevations in aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT).

heme destruction exceeds the liver’s ability to conjugate and excrete bilirubin.

the erythrocytes are coated with an immunoglobulin.

erythrocytes are destroyed in the spleen.

Question 2

2 / 2 pts

Symptoms of polycythemia vera are mainly the result of

destruction of erythrocytes.

neurologic involvement.

increased blood viscosity.

a decreased erythrocyte count.

Question 3

2 / 2 pts

The underlying disorder of _____ anemia is defective secretion of intrinsic factor, which is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12.

pernicious

microcytic

hypochromic

hemolytic

Question 4

2 / 2 pts

Pernicious anemia generally requires continued therapy lasting

8 to 12 months.

the rest of one’s life.

until the iron level is normal.

6 to 8 weeks.

Question 5

2 / 2 pts

In some anemias, the erythrocytes are present in various sizes, which is referred to as

microcytosis.

poikilocytosis.

isocytosis.

anisocytosis.

Question 6

2 / 2 pts

Untreated pernicious anemia is fatal, usually because of

renal failure.

heart failure.

brain hypoxia.

liver hypoxia.

Question 7

0 / 2 pts

Local signs and symptoms of Hodgkin disease–related lymphadenopathy are a result of

inflammation and ischemia.

obstruction and pressure.

ischemia and pressure.

pressure and obstruction.

Question 8

2 / 2 pts

What is the most common cause of vitamin K deficiency?

An IgG-mediated autoimmune disorder

Liver failure

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with antibiotic therapy

Administration of warfarin (Coumadin)

Question 9

2 / 2 pts

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is described as a(n)

IgG immune-mediated adverse drug reaction that reduces circulating platelets.

hematologic reaction to heparin in which the bone marrow is unable to produce sufficient platelets to meet the body’s needs.

cell-mediated drug reaction in which macrophages process the heparin and platelet complexes that are then destroyed by activated cytotoxic T cells.

IgE-mediated allergic drug reaction that reduces circulating platelets.

Question 10

2 / 2 pts

Which proinflammatory cytokines are responsible for the development and maintenance of DIC?

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a); IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8; and platelet-activatingfactor (PAF)

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF); IL-3, IL-5, and IL-9, and IFN-?

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF); IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10; and IFN-?

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF); IL-7, IL-11, and IL-14; and PAF

Question 11

2 / 2 pts

G6PD and sickle cell disease are

diagnosed equally in men and women.

inherited autosomal recessive disorders.

inherited X-linked recessive disorders.

disorders initiated by hypoxemia and acidosis.

Question 12

2 / 2 pts

The sickle cell trait differs from sickle cell disease in that the child with sickle cell trait

has the mildest form of the disease with normal hemoglobin and hemoglobin F, which prevents sickling.

has a mild form of sickle cell disease that causes sickling during fever and infection, but not during acidosis or hypoxia, whereas the child with sickle cells disease develops sickling during each of these conditions.

has a milder form of the disease that is characterized by vaso-occlusive crises and is believed to result from higher hemoglobin values and viscosity.

inherited normal hemoglobin A from one parent and Hb S from the other parent, whereas the child with sickle cell disease has Hb S from both parents.

Question 13

2 / 2 pts

Hemolytic disease of the newborn can occur if the mother is

type AB blood and the fetus has type B.

Rh-positive and the fetus is Rh-negative.

Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive.

type A blood and the fetus has type O.

Question 14

2 / 2 pts

What is the name of the disorder in which levels of bilirubin remain excessively high in the newborn and are deposited in the brain?

Icterus gravis neonatorum

Jaundice

Kernicterus

Icterus neonatorum

Question 15

2 / 2 pts

In a full-term infant, the normal erythrocyte life span is _____ days, whereas the adult is _____ days.

30 to 50; 80

60 to 80; 120

120 to 130; 150

90 to 110; 140

Question 16

0 / 2 pts

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune process involving antibodies against

eosinophils.

basophils.

neutrophils.

platelets.

Question 17

2 / 2 pts

Cardiac cells can withstand ischemic conditions and still return to a viable state for how many minutes?

15

10

25

20

Question 18

0 / 2 pts

The risk of developing coronary artery disease is increased up to threefold by

obesity.

hypertension.

high alcohol consumption.

diabetes mellitus.

Question 19

0 / 2 pts

What alteration occurs in injured endothelial cells that contributes to atherosclerosis?

They are unable to make the normal amount of vasodilating cytokines.

They produce an increased amount of antithrombotic cytokines.

They develop a hypersensitivity to homocysteine and lipids.

They release toxic oxygen radicals that oxidize low-density lipoproteins (LDLs).

Question 20

2 / 2 pts

In systolic heart failure, what effect does angiotensin II have on stroke volume?

Increases preload and decreases afterload

Increases preload and increases afterload

Decreases preload and decreases afterload

Decreases preload and increases afterload

Question 21

2 / 2 pts

What is the most important clinical manifestation of aortic coarctation in the neonate?

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

Cor pulmonale

Cerebral hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension

Question 22

2 / 2 pts

When does most cardiovascular development occur?

Between the 12th and 14th weeks of gestation

Between the eighth and 10th weeks of gestation

By the 28th day of gestation

Between the fourth and seventh weeks of gestation

Question 23

2 / 2 pts

Which heart defect produces a systolic ejection murmur at the right upper sternal border that transmits to the neck and left lower sternal border with an occasional ejection click?

Pulmonic stenosis

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Aortic stenosis

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 24

2 / 2 pts

Which congenital heart defects occur in trisomy 13, trisomy 18, and Down syndrome?

Coarctation of the aorta and pulmonary stenosis

Tetralogy of Fallot and persistent truncus arteriosus

Atrial septal defect and dextrocardia

Ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus

Question 25

2 / 2 pts

The foramen ovale is covered by a flap that creates a check valve allowing blood to flow unidirectionally from the _____ to the _____.

right atrium; left atrium

right atrium; right ventricle

right ventricle; left ventricle

left atrium; left ventricle

  

Assignment 1: Article Critique 

DNP graduates are expected to apply research findings and integrate nursing science into evidence-based practice. To develop your ability to engage in this high level of nursing practice, you will analyze the strengths and weaknesses of a research study over the next several weeks using the concepts presented throughout Weeks 1 through 9 of the course. Your final analysis will be a 5- to 7-page paper in APA format, that includes the following:

1) Write an introduction ending with a purpose statement (e.g. “the purpose of this study is…).

2) Provide a two paragraph overviews of the study.

3)  Identify three strengths of the study and support your selection (i.e. why is this a

strength)

4)  Identify three weaknesses of the study and support your selection (i.e. why is this a

weakness)

Note: The strengths and weaknesses should be in relation to:

· Design

· Sampling

· Data collection

· Statistical analysis

· Results and discussion.

5)  Propose changes to improve the quality of the study capitalizing on the strengths and

6) improving on the weaknesses you identified in the study.

7)  Summarize the implications for nursing practice. 

8) Write a conclusion for your paper

The purpose of the analysis is to help you develop a deeper understanding of the research process, to inspire you to think critically and deeply about research on a specific topic, and to strengthen your ability to integrate research findings into evidence-based nursing practice. This assignment also gives you practice in analyzing the research literature, which will support you when you begin your DNP project. 

Due Wednesday October 25, 2017 before midnight!

Writing (5 points): Up to 5 points (20%) may be deducted for grammar and APA style errors.

To prepare for this week’s assignment complete the following:

• Select      one of the four research articles cited in this week’s required readings (SEE ATTACHED PDF FILE). 

• Review      the various quantitative research designs presented in the textbook      readings and research articles and discussed in the “Musings: Aligning      Research Question and Methodology” media.
• Consider      the research design used in your selected article. Ask yourself the      following questions. Is the design appropriate for the study? Would a      different design provide better results?

Required Media

Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2011). Research methods for evidence-based practice: Selecting a research topic and developing a hypothesis. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 13 minutes.

In this week’s video, Dr. Leiyu Shi discusses the characteristics of a good research hypothesis and details the steps in developing a hypothesis that can be tested through research.

Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2011). Research methods for evidence-based practice: Musings: Aligning research question and methodology. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 6 minutes.

This video discusses the importance of having a well-defined research question, which informs the methodology that you use in creating a hypothesis for a research study

Laureate Education. (2011). Important events in clinical research history. Retrieved from http://mym.cdn.laureate-media.com/2dett4d/Walden/CLRA/6100/01/mm/timeline/index.html

This timeline identifies and describes key historical events related to the development of clinical research throughout the ages.

Required Readings

Gray, J.R., Grove, S.K., & Sutherland, S. (2017). Burns and Grove’s the practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier.

Chapter 5, “Research Problem and Purpose”

Chapter 5 outlines how to identify and develop a research problem statement, purpose, and research questions. The chapter also provides examples of both quantitative and qualitative research topics, problems, and purpose.

Chapter 6, “Objectives, Questions, Variables, and Hypothesis”

This chapter explains the different types of hypotheses and assesses how research variables can be used to formulate research objectives in both quantitative and qualitative studies.

Chapter 10, “Quantitative Methodology: Noninterventional Designs and Methods”

Chapter 10 describes the principles of research design and those foundational concepts that influence the selection of an appropriate quantitative design: causality, bias, manipulation, control, and validity.

Chapter 11, “Quantitative Methodology: Interventional Designs and Methods”

This chapter builds on the material presented in Chapter 10 and discusses how to select the most appropriate quantitative research design for addressing a particular research problem.

Select one of the following articles to use for this week’s Assignment:

· Fouquier, K.F. (2011). The concept of motherhood among three generations of African American women. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 43(2), 145–153. 

· Grey, M., Whittemore, R., Jaser, S., Ambrosino, J., Lindemann, E., Liberti, L., Northrup, V., & Dziura, J. (2009). Effects of coping skills training in school-age children with Type 1 diabetes. Research in Nursing & Health, 32, 405–418. (USE THIS ARTICLE FOR THIS ASSIGNMENT)

· Methey, N.A., Davis-Jackson, J., & Stewart, B.J. (2010). Effectiveness of an aspiration risk-reduction protocol. Nursing Research, 59, 18–25.

· Newhouse, R.P., Morlock. L., Pronovost, P., & Breckenridge-Sproat, S. (2011). Rural hospital nursing: Results of a national survey of nurse executives. Journal of Nursing Administration, 41(3), 129–137.

Handouts

Laureate Education. (2011). Litmus test for a doctoral-level research problem. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Optional Resources

Caress, A., Luker, K., & Chalmers, K. (2010). Promoting the health of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Patients’ and carers’ views. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 19(3–4), 564–573.

Mbeba, M. M., N., Jere, D. L., Kachingwe, S. I., Crittenden, K. S., McCreary, L. L., … Norr, K. F. (2011). Peer group intervention reduces personal HIV risk for Malawian health workers. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 43(1), 72–81.

Miller, J., Gaboda, D., Nugent, C., Simpson, T., & Cantor, J. (2011). Parental eligibility and enrollment in state children’s health insurance program: The roles of parental health, employment, and family structure. American Journal of Public Health, 101(2), 274–277.

Su, C., Lu, X., Chen, W., & Wang, T. (2009). Promoting self-management improves the health status of patients having peritoneal dialysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 65(7), 1381–1389.

  

Required Reading and Resources

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]. (2012). Lesson 4: Displaying public health data. In Principles of epidemiology in public health practice [3rd ed.]. Retrieved from www.cdc.gov/ophss/csels/dsepd/ss1978/lesson4/index.html

Cook, A., Netuveli, G., & Sheikh, A. (2004). Chapter 1: Laying the foundations: Measurements and probability. In Basic skills in statistics: A guide for healthcare professionals (pp. 3-14). London, GBR: Class Publishing. eISBN: 9781859591291.

Statistics Learning Centre. (2011, December 13). Types of data: Nominal, ordinal, interval/ratio . Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hZxnzfnt5v8

Norman, G. R., & Streiner, D. L. (2014). Section the first: The nature of data and statistics: Chapter 1: The basics. In Biostatistics: The bare essentials [4th ed., e-Book]. Shelton, Connecticut: PMPH-USA, Ltd. eISBN-13: 978-1-60795-279-4. Available in the Trident Online Library EBSCO eBook Collection.

Partners in Information Access for the Public Health Workforce. (2016, August 9). Health data tools and statistics. Retrieved from https://phpartners.org/health_stats.html

HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT:

Part I (approximately 1–1½ pages, total):

Copy and paste the following examples (1-6 below), then respond by classifying each of the following variables as either: nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio. Provide a brief explanation where indicated.

1. A researcher studying lifespan      categorizes individuals into single, married, divorced, or widowed. What      type of variable measurement is this?
2. A cognitive scientist places      her subjects into categories based on how anxious they tell her that they      are feeling: “not anxious,” “mildly anxious,” “moderately anxious,” and      “severely anxious,” and she uses the numbers 0, 1, 2 and 3 to label      categories where lower numbers indicate less anxiety. What type of      variable measurement is this? Are the categories mutually exclusive?
3. A Physician diagnoses the      presence or absence of disease (i.e., yes or no). What type of variable      measurement is this?
4. A person weighing 200 lbs. is      considered to be twice as heavy as a person weighing 100 lbs. In this      case, what type of measurement is body weight?
5. A nurse takes measurements of      body temperature on patients and reports them in units of degrees      Farenheit as part of a study. What type of variable measurement is this?
6. Patients rate their experience      in the emergency room on a five point scale from poor to excellent (1 =      very poor, 2 = not very good, 3 = neither good nor bad, 4 = quite good,      and 5 = excellent). What type of variable measurement is this? Is the      difference between a 1 and a 2 necessarily the same as the difference      between a 3 and a 4? Explain briefly.

Part II: Statistics (1/2 page)

Given what you’ve learned in this module about the meaning of “statistics,” choose one of the examples from Part I (1-6), and raise a relevant question of your own that could be answered by a statistician. Then without answering your own question, explain how a pattern could be studied or a useful prediction made based on data that are to be collected.

Part III: Quantitative vs. Qualitative Data (approximately 1–1½ pages)

A health scientist wishes to measure how well participants diagnosed with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder are coping. Explain how a variable such as coping could be measured quantitatively or qualitatively.