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When conducting research validity is an important aspect that needs to be guaranteed in order to justify results. This concept stresses the importance and relevance of the measurements used during the research. Reliability and validity are two concepts that are intertwined and both combine to bring consistency to the research (Polit & Beck, 2016). Validity focuses on how the method used measures what needs to be measured therefore, it is a fundamental part of the research (Middleton, 2019).

Validity can be guaranteed by assessing the different methods used. It may present difficulties but it can be estimated through a series of tests. Test-retest is a way to verify if the results obtained in an interview in a group of people remains the same a few months later (Long, 2017).

Validity can also be guaranteed by assessing construct, content and criterion (Middleton, 2019). These three types of validity assessment strive to proof that the measures used for these concepts as well as others that may be related to them yield the same results thus, making it valid and feasible. Conducting an evaluation of the measures employed can ultimately confirm the validity of the methods used.

References

Long, Haiying (2017) Validity in mixed methods research in education: the application of Habermas’ critical theory, International Journal of Research & Method in Education, 40:2, 201-213, DOI: 10.1080/1743727X.2015.1088518

Middleton, F. (2019, July 3). Reliability vs validity in research | Differences, types and examples. Retrieved from https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/reliability-vs-validity/

Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2016). Resource manual for nursing research: generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer.

Minimum of 300 words with at least two peer review reference in 6th edition apa style.

 Select an antidepressant or antipsychotic medication and apply the available evidence and treatment guidelines to determine appropriate therapeutic options for a patient. Share the mechanism of action of this medication and hints for monitoring, side effects, and drug interactions, including interactions with CAM. Identify an additional (possibly off-labeled) use of the medication not related to depression or psychosis. 

You have to write an answer based on this writing, a minimum of 200 words. You need to add references and quotes, do not use the same references that appear in the writing.

Greeks, Hindu, and Cuban have different beliefs regarding cultural and health care beliefs. Comparing their cultures helps to distinguish the health care believes and cultural practices of the communities. The Greeks and the Hindu seem to have a significant influence on the Cuban people’s cultural beliefs in terms of health care. The culture of Cuban people relies on the cultural practices of Greek and Hindu when seeking health care services (Purnell, 2013). Cuban go for biomedical care to handle organic diseases, which help them to be in a better part as opposed to the Greek and Hindu who have little trust in the health care providers. The comparison of the three cultures shows that Greek and Hindu rarely trust in health care professionals from other communities while Cuban have in trust in biomedical care.

The majority of the Greeks ignore various healthcare standards, and they have their way of promoting health care practices. Greeks have numerous health care means of preventing pregnancies by use pills for controlling birth and condoms (Purnell & Fenkl, 2019). They believe that engagement in abortion affects individuals’ health status and even endangering the lives of mothers. Some communities among the Greeks have biomedical means ahs education level that prevents them from adapting to other health care practices. Hindu has different cultural beliefs when it comes to health care practices. They believe that conducting physical examination traumatizes women due to the various processes involved in providing health care services that yield expected results. The Hindu believes that different types of suffering due to illness bring hope to the community members, which are necessary for their lives (Mendoza & Lopez, 2017). Most of the three cultures’ beliefs are influenced by their different cultural practices tied to their rituals.

When comparing the level in which each community seeks help from other cultures, Greeks rarely trust healthcare professionals, and the same applies to the Hindu. Hindu relies mostly on the community and family to find solutions for health care problems. Cubans also rely on their families for advice on matters regarding their health, which helps them to be better than their counterparts (Purnell, 2013). Cubans seem to have been influenced by other cultures, which show that they can copy different beliefs in health care. Hindus believe that traditional health systems emphasize illness prevention; hence members of the society develop their unique perspective of creating awareness of their needs. Their practice makes it easier for them to meet their health demands. The Hindu practice of disease prevention has influenced the Cubans who believe profoundly in preventing diseases than treatment (Rausenberger, 2018). The Hindus also use traditional healers to enhance outcomes of their health hence making them better in society.  That practice has also influenced Cubans who seek traditional healers to improve outcomes of their health, such as applying traditional herbs in tea. Cubans have shops specifically for selling traditional herbs in which were adapted from Greeks and Hindus cultures.

Greeks have a cultural belief of accepting the donation of organs, which is also practiced by the Hindu, who is famous for organ transplantation, especially the kidney. The majority of people in Greek and Hindu communities are involved in the practices of donating organs through medical procedures (Purnell, 2013). The Cubans also accept donation and transplant of organs and blood transfusions a practice they adopted from the Hindu and Greeks. Hindus believe that treatment and rituals performance can be used to enhance health outcomes for various people in society. Cubans have copied the practice as they perform rituals to improve the health outcomes of various society members. The cultural heritage of Hindu and Greeks is the same. Different people in their cultures are involved in different cultural practices, such as engaging in folk remedies (Purnell, 2013). The ritual practices are performed by various people at home to provide prevention against different diseases. The rituals performed by Hindus and Greeks at home help to improve the health outcomes of various people. The same practice has been seen in the Cuban heritage due to the influence of Greek and Hindu. Cubans perform folk remedies where Santeria improves the health outcomes of various people in Cuban society (Rausenberger, 2018).

In conclusion, different communities and different cultural beliefs regarding health care practices in which some end up being influenced by the communities they interact with. Cubans have been greatly influenced by the health care practices by the Greeks and Hindus. Most of their practices are adapted from Greek and Hindu. The practice of blood transfusion and organ transplant by Cuban is adapted from Greek and Hindu as they highly accept the practice. Greeks and Hindu rarely trust health professionals, making them rely on their traditional practices tied to their rituals. Cubans have also adapted the use of traditional medicine through the use of herbs. Various people in Cuban society have opened shops that deal with traditional herbs, a practice copied from Greek and Hindu. The health care practices among Cubans seem to have been copied from Greek and Hindu.

References

Mendoza, M. D., & Lopez, M. (2017). Culture, race, and ethnicity issues in health care. Family   medicine: Principles and practice, 27-38.

Purnell, L. (2013). Transcultural health care (4th ed.). Philadelphia: F.A. Davis.

Purnell, L. D., & Fenkl, E. A. (2019). Handbook for Culturally Competent Care. Springer.

Rausenberger, J. (2018). Santurismo: The Commodification of Santería and the Touristic Value   of Afro-Cuban Derived Religions in Cuba. Almatourism-Journal of Tourism, Culture and Territorial Development, 9(8), 150-171.

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The adolescent population is often referred to as “young adults,” but in some ways, this is a misrepresentation. Adolescents are not children, but they are not yet adults either. This transition from childhood to adulthood often poses many unique challenges to working with adolescent clients, particularly in terms of disruptive behavior. In your role, you must overcome these behaviors to effectively counsel clients. For this Discussion, as you examine the Disruptive Behaviors media in this week’s Learning Resources, consider how you might assess and treat adolescent clients presenting with disruptive behavior.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

• Assess clients presenting with disruptive behavior
• Analyze therapeutic approaches for treating clients presenting with disruptive behavior
• Evaluate outcomes for clients presenting with disruptive behavior

 Post an explanation of your observations of the client in the case study you selected, including behaviors that align to the criteria in DSM-5. Then, explain therapeutic approaches you might use with this client, including psychotropic medications if appropriate. Finally, explain expected outcomes for the client based on these therapeutic approaches. Support your approach with evidence-based literature.