`There are numerous healthcare settings in our communities working to serve the needs of clients/patients. Write a 4-5 page APA formatted paper, excluding title page, abstract, and references, providing an analysis of one direct and one non-direct healthcare organization. Compare/contrast organizational structure, missions, and roles of the healthcare administrators in each facility. 

Include a discussion on the nature of services provided, opportunities for healthcare management careers, types of managerial positions in these settings, and what challenges specific to management you have identified in each organization. Must Include at least 3 peer-reviewed, scholarly sources as well as any sources used to research the organizations.

Unit 1 Discussion – Introduction to Nursing Theory and Certification

Unit 1 Discussion [Due Wednesday]

Introduction to Nursing Theory and Certification

It is anticipated that the initial discussion response should be in the range of 250-300 words. Response posts must demonstrate topic knowledge and scholarly engagement with peers. This is not the only criteria utilized for evaluation; substantive content is imperative. All questions in the topic must be addressed. Please proofread your response carefully for grammar and spelling. Do not upload any attachments. All responses need to be supported by a minimum of one scholarly resource. Journals and websites must be cited appropriately. Citation and reference must adhere to APA format.

Classroom Participation

Students are expected to initially address the discussion question by Wednesday of each week. Participation in the discussion forums is expected with a minimum total of three (3) substantive postings (this includes your initial posting and posting to two peers) on three (3) different days per week. Substantive means that you add something new to the discussion, you aren’t just agreeing. This is also a time to ask questions or offer information surrounding the topic addressed by your peers. Personal experience is appropriate for a substantive discussion and should be correlated to the literature.

All discussion boards will be evaluated utilizing rubric criterion inclusive of content, analysis, collaboration, writing and APA. If you fail to post an initial discussion you will not receive these points, you may however post to your peers for partial credit following the guidelines above. Due to the nature of this type of assignment and the need for timely responses for initial posts and posting to peers, the Make-Up Coursework Policy (effective July 2017) does not apply to Discussion Board Participation.

Discussion Question/Prompt [Due Wednesday]

Please complete the following steps for your initial discussion post:

• Watch the NU 500 Certification Success Presentation 
  • Certification Success [Powerpoint Presentation] **Note – PMHNP information to be added.
• Visit the websites of the organizations that offer certification exams for your specialty MSN track- NE, NLA, FNP, or PMHNP by clicking on the links below. (BSN students, choose one specialty track of interest- FNP, NE or NLA, or PMHNP).
  • FNP:  AANP (Links to an external site.) and ANCC (Links to an external site.) (FNP)

or

• Nurse Educator:  NLN (Links to an external site.) (CNE) and ANCC (Links to an external site.) (Nursing Professional Development)

or

• Nurse Leader:  AONL (Links to an external site.) (Formerly AONE) and ANCC (Links to an external site.) (NLA)

or

• PMHNP: ANCC (Links to an external site.)
• Compare and summarize the requirements that are needed to be eligible for the exam(s) in your chosen specialty track.
• Describe the value of certification in your chosen specialty track.
• How can certification enhance your career goals for professional advancement in nursing?
• How can application of nursing theory benefit you personally and empower/advance the nursing profession as a whole? 

Responses need to address all components of the question, demonstrate critical thinking and analysis and include peer-reviewed journal evidence to support the student’s position.

Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with citations and references in APA format and use level headers for each discussion prompt. 

Is there a difference between “common practice” and “best practice”?

When you first went to work for your current organization, experienced colleagues may have shared with you details about processes and procedures. Perhaps you even attended an orientation session to brief you on these matters. As a “rookie,” you likely kept the nature of your questions to those with answers that would best help you perform your new role.

Over time and with experience, perhaps you recognized aspects of these processes and procedures that you wanted to question further. This is the realm of clinical inquiry.

Clinical inquiry is the practice of asking questions about clinical practice. To continuously improve patient care, all nurses should consistently use clinical inquiry to question why they are doing something the way they are doing it. Do they know why it is done this way, or is it just because we have always done it this way? Is it a common practice or a best practice?

In this Assignment, you will identify clinical areas of interest and inquiry and practice searching for research in support of maintaining or changing these practices. You will also analyze this research to compare research methodologies employed.

To Prepare:

• Review the Resources and identify a clinical issue of interest that can form the basis of a clinical inquiry.
• Based on the clinical issue of interest and using keywords related to the clinical issue of interest, search at least four different databases in the Walden Library to identify at least four relevant peer-reviewed articles related to your clinical issue of interest. You should not be using systematic reviews for this assignment, select original research articles.
• Review the results of your peer-reviewed research and reflect on the process of using an unfiltered database to search for peer-reviewed research.
• Reflect on the types of research methodologies contained in the four relevant peer-reviewed articles you selected.

Part 1: An Introduction to Clinical Inquiry

Create a 4- to 5-slide PowerPoint presentation in which you do the following:

• Identify and briefly describe your chosen clinical issue of interest. This clinical issue will remain the same for the entire course and will be the basis for the development of your PICOT question
• Describe how you used keywords to search on your chosen clinical issue of interest.
• Identify the four research databases that you used to conduct your search for the peer-reviewed articles you selected.
• Provide APA citations of the four peer-reviewed articles you selected.

Part 2: Identifying Research Methodologies

After reading each of the four peer-reviewed articles you selected, use the Matrix Worksheet template to analyze the methodologies applied in each of the four peer-reviewed articles. Your analysis should include the following:

• The full citation of each peer-reviewed article in APA format.
• A brief (1-paragraph) statement explaining why you chose this peer-reviewed article and/or how it relates to your clinical issue of interest, including a brief explanation of the ethics of research related to your clinical issue of interest.
• A brief (1-2 paragraph) description of the aims of the research of each peer-reviewed article.
• A brief (1-2 paragraph) description of the research methodology used. Be sure to identify if the methodology used was qualitative, quantitative, or a mixed-methods approach. Be specific.
• A brief (1- to 2-paragraph) description of the strengths of each of the research methodologies used, including reliability and validity of how the methodology was applied in each of the peer-reviewed articles you selected.

3-Minute Reflection Guidelines: 

The 3-minute reflections are designed to focus students on a topic and to help them get their thoughts organized prior to discussion. The activity also serves as reflective summations of class discussions

Reflectively Writes:

Required criteria:
1. Writes about the assigned topic.
2. Demonstrates strong evidence of reasoned reflection.
3. Demonstrated depth of original thought.

1. Read: Mindful Moments & The Sleep Journal

2. Read: Breathing & Stress Warning Signs

Note: Write the reflection (like a summary)  2-3 paragraphs based on those two files 

Reply 1 

Social determinants of health play a huge role in the health of people because they work in combination to either help us prevent disease or contribute to unhealthy conditions that may cause disease. According to HealthyPeople (2020), “Social determinants of health are conditions in the environments in which people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes and risks,” (para. 4). Examples of social determinants of health include neighborhoods, homes, schools, etc. The conditions of the places where we spend our lives can contribute to the development of disease if they are unsafe or unclean (e.g., a home not having clean water). 

The communicable disease chain model is designed to show people the process of disease transmission. The chain of infection is described with six steps or “links” including a pathogen or causitive agent, a resorvior, a portal of exit from the resorvior, a mode of transmission, a portal of entry to a susceptible host, and a susceptible host. Breaking any of these links in the chain of infection can prevent the occurance of a new infection (Chain of infection, n.d.). An example of a way that a nurse can break the link of infection would handwashing. This is the first thing we learn in school and continues to be the simnplest and most important way that we can stop the transmission of pathogens. 

Healthy People. (2020). Social determinants of health. Retreived from https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health?topicid=39 

Chain of infection. (n.d.) Retreived from https://lc.gcumedia.com/nsg403c/chain-of-infection/chain-of-infection-v1.1.html 

Reply 2 

Re: Topic 2 DQ 1

According to the article, Social Determinants of Health, “social determinants of health are conditions in the environments in which people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes and risks” (Healthypeople, 2020). For example, socioeconomic conditions such as concentrated poverty and exposure to crime such as violence and social disorder can be detrimental to a person’s health leading to morbidity and mortality. A family living in poverty is tight on money and is limited to access to healthcare, limited to access to fresh produce, and may not enroll their kids in afterschool programs such as club sports, etc, due to being tight on money. The community they live in is a poverty city where there are crimes and violence. With high rates of poverty, there is a correlation to higher rates of morbidity such as diabetes and obesity. According to the reading, Community & Public Health: The Future of Health Care, illness such as heart diseases, chronic lower respiratory diseases, pneumonia, and diabetes “are among those that are modifiable or preventable, increasing the burden of the disease. The burden of the disease reflects the morbidity, mortality, financial costs, and health disparities resulting from disease, affecting human longevity and the well-being of countries’ social and economic bottom lines” (Grand Canyon University, 2018). These diseases are correlated to low income communities where the risk factors such as “unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, excess weight and obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and cigarette smoking” (Grand Canyon University) are much higher. Nurses are involved in all levels of prevention, “the public benefits from guidance and education from nurses at each level (primary, secondary, and tertiary) preventions” (Grand Canyon University, 2018). For example a community with high rates of diabetes. At the primary level, a nurse can screen for early detection of diabetes and educate to promote health and prevent further complications. At the secondary level, a nurse can educate the community how to manage their diabetes by checking their blood sugars, educating how diet and exercise affects their blood sugar. At the tertiary level, the nurse can continue to educates and help avoid chronic disabilities and complications related to diabetes.

Grand Canyon University (Ed). (2018). Community & public health: The future of health care. Retrieved from https://lc.gcumedia.com/nrs427vn/community-and-public-health-the-future-of-health-care/v1.1/

Social Determinants of Health. 2020 Retrieved from https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health?topicid=39