Based on the feedback offered by the provider, identify the best approach for teaching. Prepare a presentation based on the Teaching Work Plan and present the information to your community.

Options for Delivery 

The teaching Should be based on COVID 19 (what is it, how is spread, How to prevent it and what to do to be safe)

Select PowerPoint for delivery and prepare the applicable presentation:

1. PowerPoint presentation – 15 slides

Selection of Community Setting

These are considered appropriate community settings. Choose one of the following: 

1. Public health clinic
2. Community health center
3. Long-term care facility
4. Transitional care facility
5. Home health center
6. University/School health center

General Requirements

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. 

Reply 1

Bioethics is governed by four major principles, namely: autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. The principle of autonomy requires healthcare professionals to respect the patient’s autonomy since the patient is considered to act intentionally and with understanding which mitigate against free and voluntary acts (McCormick, 2018). Nonmaleficence requires healthcare professionals to refrain from intentionally causing the patient harm or exposing them to injury through their acts and omissions. The principle advocates medical competence since proper standards of care are developed to avoid or minimize risks of harm.

The principle of beneficence imposes a duty on healthcare professionals to be of benefit patients and take positive steps towards prevention and elimination of harm. The duties imposes on healthcare professionals are deemed rational and widely accepted as proper goals of medicine. The principle is pivotal in the healthcare sector since the patient is able to develop a relationship with their care provider. Lastly, the principle of justice requires the fair distribution of services in short supply so that everyone qualifies for equal treatment.

The principle of autonomy is generally perceived the most important of all because the patient is always consulted first and their opinion should be respected. However, no hierarch should exists among the principles since the ultimate medical goal is providing the greatest benefit to the patient and each of the principles should be respected and balanced depending on the one that carries the most weight in a particular situation (Vaughn, 2019). Biblically, the principle that should be given utmost prominence is the principle of justice since humans are all equal before God and healthcare professionals should use their skills to improve everyone’s lives.

References

McCormick, T. R. (2018). Principles of Bioethics. Retrieved from UW Medicine: https://www.depts.washington.edu/bhdept/ethics-medocine/bioethics-topics/articles/principles-bioethics

Vaughn, L. (2019). Bioethics: Principles, Issues, and Cases.Oxford University Press.

Reply 2

Principles of Biomedic Ethics

There are four principles of biomedic ethics namely respect of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice (Lawrence, 2007). The first principle of respect for autonomy ascertains that patients have the right to make the decision of the kind of treatment they want and we should respect and honor their decision. The second principle of non-maleficence argues that medical practitioners should act according to the rules and regulations and not to instill harm to a patient. The third principle of beneficence indicates that practitioners should ensure that they offer the best care to their patients and promote their health. The last principle is justice, which entails fairness, where practitioners should ensure that they treat all the patients with fairness during the caregiving process, especially in terms of costs and benefits.

It is crucial for medical practitioners to ensure that they abide by all these four principles. During the caregiving process, it’s upon the practitioner to assess the situation and identify the best principle to apply. Respect to autonomy should be the principle to be considered first during the care-giving process. This is because a patient has the right to decide the kind of treatment they want to be administered to them and medical practitioners should respect their decision and follow through with the treatment process as the patient sees fit. Other principles of beneficence, non-maleficence and justice should follow in that order based on the situation. When it comes to biblical narrative, I believe that the first principle should be the principle of justice. Biblical narrative insists on the fairness of all individuals, which is also the ideology of the principle of justice. Other principles should follow as such, non-maleficence because the Bible indicates that we should not instill harm, followed by beneficence, and justice.

Reference

Lawrence D. J. (2007). The four principles of biomedical ethics: a foundation for current bioethical debate. Journal of Chiropractic Humanities, (14), 34–40. Retrieved from https://search-ebscohost-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=105887311&site=ehost-live&scope=site

the discussions are below. I just want a response between 150 and 170 words excluding references for each one.

two references needed for each one

    All papers submitted must be in APA format according to the Publication Manual American Psychological Association (APA) (7th ed.). 2020 ISBN: 9781433832154, 1433832151 

discussion 1

Opioids are used widely in the United States (US) to treat millions of patients who have high levels of pain. A majority of these patients are older adults. With complications that come with aging, it is important that care givers be keen on how they medicate geriatric patients using opioids. I’m instreated on knowing how the used of opioids effect the againg population. In my opinion i think alternative medications should be used. Because Slight mistakes of excessive used of opioids can result in complications such as physiologic difficulties and addiction to the drug

Old age comes with physiologic complications that may be increased by the wrong use of opioid medication. It is difficult to forecast how the elderly will react to opioid treatment. Health providers ought to make thorough evaluation on their patients like asking them to describe their levels of pain before beginning any form of treatment (Tracy, 2013). For instance, how one’s liver functions should be observed to ensure proper dosage. If not checked, opioid medication can result in difficulties such as a stressed respiratory system. It is also vital to monitor the period of time that the medication will be administered.

New research suggests that geriatric patients are just as likely to get addicted to opioid medications similar to young adults. This fact was unknown for a long time because such cases were rarely ever reported or noticed. The emerging research gives evidence that as much as the numbers of elderly patients addicted to opioid drugs are lower than that of young adults, the cases of addiction are on the rise (Gazelka, Leal, & Lapid, 2020). Stereotyping and stigmatization contributes to low discovery of addicted geriatric patients by health care providers. 

discussion 2

The topic that I will conduct the research on is about ischemic stroke. Reports show that, stroke is among the leading causes of deaths globally; around 795, 000 individuals, die of stroke in the United States alone, every year (Boehme et al., 2018). The individuals who are more predisposed to the condition are the elderly. The past few years have seen a record decrease in the number of mortalities from the disease. However, recent studies have shown that the numbers are rising again, due to unknown reasons. It has therefore been the motivation behind selecting this topic, to find out the reason behind the rising cases, including how to prevent, diagnose, and manage the condition, to reduce the mortality rates.

The most common type of stroke is ischemic stroke, which occurs due to the formation of a blood clot in the artery that supplies blood to the brain, causing a blockage. This blockage prevents the flow of blood and oxygen into brain, damaging the brain cells (Musuka et al., 2015). The common cause of the condition is the narrowing of the arteries, which is commonly caused by the gradual deposition of cholesterol on the artery walls (atherosclerosis). The effects that ischemic stroke has on a patient are life changing. It affects the vision, speech, the coordination and movement, and the general mental health of a patient.

Another critical issue to worry about stroke is the cost and the burden that the disease leaves on the healthcare services, on the economy; missed workdays, and on the medications. In my family, we had an individual who suffered from acute ischemic stroke, and the condition was worse. therefore, doing this research will help me found out the common and recent predisposing factors to the condition, and find out the advanced forms of treatment, that can help stroke patients live a smooth live a smooth life. 

 discuss potential obstacles that each aging issue may face if it were put to a popular vote. Is there an issue that may be harder than others to gather support if left to popular opinion? Your reply posts should be 100 to 150 words, with a minimum of one supporting reference included .

Response 1 

Social isolation is a major health problem that’s receiving more attention especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. The AARP Foundation (2016) has reported that social isolation is growing into a pandemic as over 8 million older adults are affected by this issue. Social isolation is associated with multiple health problems such as neglect of health practices, cognitive impairment and more (Lubben, 2018).
As individuals grow older changes in abilities, physical and social environments occur. Social isolation becomes part of the person’s life and affects them negatively. Some of the risk factors to social isolation include depression, hearing impairment, poor health, death of a spouse, friends or relatives. Individuals who are isolated are more likely to develop physical and mental health problems, dementia and suicidal risk; it also leads to increased risk for hospitalization (Hand, 2017).
All of these elements stated above are valuable findings that justify the reason why social isolation should be placed at the top of the list of social issues in aging. Social isolation is the catalyst for the development of many health problems and mental health issues in older adults. Second on the list should be addressing gaps in mental health services.
Researchers predict that the Coiv-19 pandemic will lead to a range of long-term mental health problems. They attest that the U.S is not fully ready to handle the wave of health problems caused by the global pandemic concurrently with the increased life expectancy. In order to face those challenges all health professions need to join forces and develop strategies to deliver appropriate care to individuals and empower global health community to care for the aging population (Vahia, 2020).

Response 2

As a senator preparing for this year’s policy agenda, it is imperative to address current social aging concerns.  The following concerns will be the main focus of this year’s agenda, and are listed from highest to lowest priority: social isolation, mental health service gaps, fall prevention programs, and HIV/AIDS interventions. With the current covid-19 pandemic, social isolation amongst the elderly is of biggest concern as it impacting both physical and mental health. In a study completed by Sepúlveda-Loyola et al. (2020), results determined that physical and mental health have been negatively impacted amongst the elderly population due to the social restrictions associated with the pandemic. Reported effects include anxiety, depression, poor sleep quality, and lack of physical activity (Sepúlveda-Loyola et al., 2020). Is it imperative to develop policies that will increase social interactions amongst the elderly population without putting their health at risk. The next most important concern to be addressed is the gap of mental health services available to the elderly population. Anxiety and depression are common amongst older adults; yet mental health services are limited, and underused by older adults (Parkar, 2015). Policies must be put into place to increase access to mental health services while removing the stigma surrounding mental health problems. 

Every year, one out of every four adults aged 65 and older experiences a fall, with one out of every five falls resulting in a serious injury (CDC, 2017). Every year, roughly 300,000 older adults are hospitalized for a hip fracture, with 95% of those fractures resulting from a fall (CDC, 2017). Fall prevention programs must be put into place in order to reduce the risk of an older adult experiencing a fall, as a fall can greatly limit an older adult’s ability to complete activities of daily living. Lastly, HIV/AIDS interventions is a social health concern that must be addressed. In 2018, 51% of individual with HIV were 50 years of age and older, and 1 in 6 newly diagnosed HIV cases were amongst people aged 50 and older (CDC, 2020). Policies must be put into place in order to prevent HIV and AIDS amongst older adults by increasing awareness, providing education on prevention, and providing resources for testing.