HA4050D – Healthcare Law

Discussion 04.1: NAUXChange 04

In a very famous case in the 1990s, O.J. Simpson was found “not guilty” of murdering two people. Then, a short time later, he was found civilly liable for the deaths of the very same individuals and was ordered to pay damages to their families. How was that possible? What does it say about how the burden of proof differs in criminal trials and civil trials? Briefly research and explain.

Discussion on Informed Consent

Participation Requirement: You are required to post a minimum of three (3) times in each discussion. These three (3) posts must be on a minimum of two (2) separate days. You must respond to the initial discussion question by 11:59 p.m. on Wednesday.  On additional days, respond to your peers’ posts as well as additional faculty posts. Responses to peers must be posted by 11:59 p.m. on Sunday each week a discussion is due.

Step 1: Read the attached article entitled, “Informed Consent – The Joint Commission” 

Step 2: View the video entitled, “Nursing Fundamentals: Informed Consent, Advance Directives, Reporting and Nursing Documentation”https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9u53jNI4qoU (Links to an external site.)

Informed consent is obtained after a client receives complete disclosure of all pertinent information provided by the provider regarding the surgery or procedure to be performed. The nurse may obtain informed consent only after the client verbalizes understanding of the potential benefits and risks associated with the surgery or procedure.

Elements of Informed Consent:

1. The individual giving consent must fully understand the procedure that will be performed, the risks involved, expected/desired outcomes, expected complications/side effects, and alternative treatments or therapies available.
2. Consent is given by a competent adult, legal guardian or designated power of attorney (DPOA), emancipated or married minor, parent of a minor, or a court order.
3. A trained medical interpreter must be provided when the person giving consent is unable to communicate due to a language barrier.
4. The nurse’s role is to witness the client’s signature and ensure the provider gave the necessary information and that the client understood and is competent to sign. If it has been identified that the client does not understand the procedure or is not competent to sign the informed consent, the nurse must STOP the process and the physician must be notified immediately.

A consultation occurs when a professional provides expert advice in a particular area and determines what treatment or services the client requires. The nursing intervention evolves around facilitating coordination with other health care providers throughout the continuum of care in order to protect the client from conflicting and potentially dangerous treatments.

A referral is a formal request for a special service by another care provider so that the client can access the care identified by the primary care provider or consultant. Some examples of referrals include physical therapy, wound care, and hospice. The nursing intervention continues to evolve around monitoring the client’s response and progress.

Directions: There are three scenarios that will be used in this discussion posting. You are all responsible for the initial discussion posting and then responding to one posting in the remaining scenarios. For example, my last name is Combs, therefore my initial discussion posting will occur from CASE #1. I will then be responsible for responding to one post from CASE #2 and one post from CASE #3.

CASE #1 (A to H); CASE #2 (I to Q); CASE #3 (R to Z)

CASE #1:

30-year-old male presents to the emergency department with RLQ pain and fever. Labs reveal an elevated white blood count. The surgical intern tells the patient that appendicitis is suspected and that the plan is to proceed with surgery to remove the appendix. He explains that the surgery is to be performed to prevent complications of appendicitis, including abscess formation, sepsis or even death. He goes on to explain the risks of surgery, including bleeding, infection and damage to adjacent organs. What additional information needs to be included in this consent? Provide an evidence-based reason for your answer.

1. Whether or not the intern would undergo the procedure in a similar circumstance.
2. Alternative to the surgery, including receiving antibiotics and monitoring the patient.
3. Name of the surgeon who will actually be performing the procedure.
4. A, B and C
5. B and C only

CASE #2:

33-year-old woman is in the operating room to undergo colectomy for ulcerative colitis. Patient was given appropriate information, and consented for the procedure. During the operation, a mass is identified involving the liver. Given the previous consent, it is acceptable for the surgeon to proceed further to either biopsy or excise the lesion. Provide an evidence-based reason for your answer.

1. True
2. False

CASE #3:

14-year-old girl presents to the emergency department, accompanied by her 10-month-old daughter and boyfriend. The boyfriend is the child’s father. Patient complains of severe lower abdominal pain, although she is afebrile, with normal laboratory values and normal vital signs. No cause of the pain is able to be delineated, and the plan is to take the girl to the operating room to perform a diagnostic laparoscopy. In this case, from whom should informed consent be obtained? Provide an evidence-based reason for your answer.

1. Patient
2. Patient’s parents
3. Patient’s boyfriend

Informed Consent – The Joint Commission.pdf

DUE IN 24 HOURS

 

Respond to one classmate.  Explore your peer’s post, identify a different database, and how is that different from the one identified by your peer?

At least 1 scholarly article must be used to support your position.

Your response should be no more than 200 words.

In text citations do count in the word count, but references do not.

ANDREA’S POST:

 

Information literacy is obtained by being able to collect, utilize, manage, integrate, and produce information and data while having the information skills to do so effectively (Forster, 2015) This literacy is important to nursing research because nurses need to be able to know how to decide what information is needed in research, how to properly obtain and review this research, all while being able to teach it effectively (McGongile & Mastrian, 2018). Information literacy is an ongoing battle for nursing students to be proficient in. In 2017, Willson and Angell performed a study to develop a rubric on measuring information literacy skills of which are crucial to undergraduate nurses’ development as researchers and health professionals. In this study they were able to develop a rubric and most nursing undergraduates showed low to fair competencies in information literacy.  

Professional online databases and search engines both provide a source for an expansive amount of information. The difference between them is that professional online databases have exclusivity and generally require a subscription acquired through professional or academic associations. Search engines provide a wealth of information as well but there is no way of knowing the validity behind the information and is available to everyone.

An example of a professional online database is PubMed. Something unique about this database is that by default PubMed lists its corresponding records by date in which they were uploaded to the database.

References

Forster, M. (2015). Six ways of experiencing information literacy in nursing: The findings of a phenomenographic study. Nurse Education Today. 35(1), 195-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2014.06.005

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2018). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (4th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Willson, G., & Angell, K. (2017). Mapping the association of college and research libraries information literacy framework and nursing professional standards onto an assessment rubric. Journal of the Medical Library Association. 105(2), 150–154. https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2017.39

 

Infographics are visual representations of information. They can include numbers, text, images, or any combination of the three. Just as in traditional writing assignments, an infographic can take on any of the various rhetorical modes — informative, instructive, descriptive, persuasive, etc. Infographics provide quick way to convey a lot of information. For example, this infographic on Integrating Virtual Clinics conveys interesting data much more concisely than another paragraph inserted here could have:

Students will create an Infographic on the topic of Telehealth. Students should create an infographic that is easily understood by the lay public or general population. The infographic should provide information useful to communicating the “What, Why, When and How” of Telehealth. Students may choose to focus on one or more the following suggested topic areas, however, students may choose their own relevant telehealth topic areas of:

• Telehealth Versus Telemedicine
• Environments or Systems
• Population Health
• Health Promotion and Illness Prevention
• Integrative Health
• Technologies and Innovation
• Provider Access
• Patient Access
• Policy Implications
• Legal Implications
• Clinical Practice Issues
• Education/Training Needs
• Research Implications
• Quality of Care
• Outcome Management

Directions:

1. Students will select a platform (tool) for building their infographic. There are a number of great infographic platforms available online. Many are free, but most require that you do set up an account. Check out Infogr.am, Easelly, Piktochart, and Visme.
2. Create the Infographic using one of the above platforms.
3. Post completed infographic in PDF format to the D2L week four assignment link.

 

1) Minimum 8 full pages (Follow the 3 x 3 rule: minimum three paragraphs per part)

Parts 1,  2 are the same, HOWEVER, your answer and references must be 100% different. That is, you must answer from 2 different perspectives, always approaching the question objectively.

             Part 1: Minimum 2 pages

             Part 2: minimum 2 pages

             Part 3: Minimum 1 page

             Part 4: Minimum 1 page

             Part 5: Minimum 1 page

             Part 5: Minimum 1 page

Submit 1 document per part

2)¨******APA norms

          All paragraphs must be narrative and cited in the text- each paragraphs

          Bulleted responses are not accepted

          Dont write in the first person 

          Dont copy and pase the questions.

          Answer the question objectively, do not make introductions to your answers, answer it when you start the paragraph

Submit 1 document per part

3)****************************** It will be verified by Turnitin (Identify the percentage of exact match of writing with any other resource on the internet and academic sources, including universities and data banks) 

********************************It will be verified by SafeAssign (Identify the percentage of similarity of writing with any other resource on the internet and academic sources, including universities and data banks)

4) Minimum 3 references per part not older than 5 years

5) Identify your answer with the numbers, according to the question. Start your answer on the same line, not the next

Example:

Q 1. Nursing is XXXXX

Q 2. Health is XXXX

6) You must name the files according to the part you are answering: 

Example:

Part 1.doc 

Part 2.do

__________________________________________________________________________________

Parts 1, and 2 are the same, HOWEVER, your answer and references must be 100% different. That is, you must answer from 2 different perspectives, always approaching the question objectively.

Part 1: Pharmacology 1

L.L. is a 67-year-old male who has been diagnosed with BPH. He is having difficulty with urination. He is currently on Cozaar 100 mg for HTN and his BP is well controlled. He is taking no other medications. The doctor has recommended medication for his BPH, but he would like to try a herbal supplement before taking a prescription medication.

1. Would you recommend a herbal supplement in L.L’s case?

2. If so, what herbal supplement would he take?

3. What is the recommended dosage?

4. What are possible side effects of the herbal supplement?

5. What warnings should you give L.L. before he starts the herbal supplement.

Part 2: Pharmacology 2

L.L. is a 67-year-old male who has been diagnosed with BPH. He is having difficulty with urination. He is currently on Cozaar 100 mg for HTN and his BP is well controlled. He is taking no other medications. The doctor has recommended medication for his BPH, but he would like to try a herbal supplement before taking a prescription medication.

1. Would you recommend a herbal supplement in L.L’s case?

2. If so, what herbal supplement would he take?

3. What is the recommended dosage?

4. What are possible side effects of the herbal supplement?

5. What warnings should you give L.L. before he starts the herbal supplement.

Part 3: Nursing Research 1

1 .Discuss the characteristics and requirements that research tools should have on quantitative research to give validity to the study. 

2. Give 2 examples of point 1

Part 4: Nursing Research 2

Topic: convenience sample 

Population: Obese children

1. Describe why you were to chose a specific method to select a sample over other methods (convenience sample) . 

2. Defend your method with 3 adventages

Part 5: Pathophysiology 1

 A 56-year-old patient with newly diagnosed stage 1 hypertension has been referred to you for counseling regarding lifestyle modifications. He is married, with four children—two in high school, two in college. His job as a senior vice-president for a major retail chain requires that he work long hours and frequently eat at restaurants. He smokes two packs of cigarettes a day, has a body mass index (BMI) of 29 kg/m2, and a waist–hip ratio of 1.6. He usually drinks one to two dry martinis to relax after he gets home from work.

1. How would you develop a realistic plan to help this patient reduce his blood pressure and prevent complications?

2. Which risk factors would be among your top two or three priorities for this patient,and what interventions or recommendations would you provide for modifying these?

Part 6: Pathophysiology 2

1. Write 3 the difference between infective endocarditis and rheumatic fever. 

2. Describe

a. cause

b. effects

c. possible complications

d. prevention.