Write a paper (2,000-2,500 words) in which you apply the concepts of epidemiology and nursing research to a communicable disease. Refer to “Communicable Disease Chain,” “Chain of Infection,” and the CDC website for assistance when completing this assignment.

Communicable Disease Selection

1. Chickenpox
2. Tuberculosis
3. Influenza
4. Mononucleosis
5. Hepatitis B
6. HIV
7. Ebola
8. Measles
9. Polio
10. Influenza

Epidemiology Paper Requirements

1. Describe the chosen communicable disease, including causes, symptoms, mode of transmission, complications, treatment, and the demographic of interest (mortality, morbidity, incidence, and prevalence). Is this a reportable disease? If so, provide details about reporting time, whom to report to, etc.
2. Describe the social determinants of health and explain how those factors contribute to the development of this disease.
3. Discuss the epidemiologic triangle as it relates to the communicable disease you have selected. Include the host factors, agent factors (presence or absence), and environmental factors. Are there any special considerations or notifications for the community, schools, or general population?
4. Explain the role of the community health nurse (case finding, reporting, data collection, data analysis, and follow-up) and why demographic data are necessary to the health of the community.
5. Identify at least one national agency or organization that addresses the communicable disease chosen and describe how the organizations contribute to resolving or reducing the impact of disease.
6. Discuss a global implication of the disease. How is this addressed in other countries or cultures? Is this disease endemic to a particular area? Provide an example.

A minimum of three peer-reviewed or professional references is required.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. 

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Course Materials if you need assistance.

Choose 1 of the following questions to answer by day 3 (Wednesday) and include 2 references. Your post should be at least 250 words. Please remember to answer to 2 of your classmates’ discussions (on 2 separate days) by Saturday.  The reply to your classmates should be at least 100 words each.  The references (in APA format) are not included in the word count!

Discussion Question (DQ) 1

Describe the components and functions of the juxtaglomerular (JG) apparatus. What activates it and explain the cascade of reaction that happens after its activation.

Discussion Question (DQ) 2

Name the four processes involved in urine formation, and describe what happens during each.

  1 DQ 1

When a baby is born, one of the first concerns is their weight. A baby with an extremely low birth weight (ELBW) alerts the physician to a possible problem. The extremely low birth weight infants are those born with less than 1,500g (James, Wood, Nair, & Williams, 2018). According to Robbins, Hutchings, Dietz, Kuklina, & Callaghan (2014), about 40% of babies born with extremely low birth weight end up with a fairly significant disease. The diseases are cerebral palsy, mental retardation, blindness in both eyes, hearing loss, significant chronic disease that requires special medication, and often frequent hospitalization. Getting prenatal care before and during pregnancy ensures the well-being of the mother and a healthy baby.

Effect of Extremely Low Birth Weight Babies on Family and Community

Babies born with extremely low birth weight have various health and developmental complications. The birth of a baby with ELBW can result in substantial emotional and economic costs to the families. Also, the public sector services can be strained as a result. These services include social support systems, educational, and health insurance services. In the short term, the babies may require life support in the neonatal care unit because readmission risk is high. Often, the babies have immature brains and respiratory distress that will need ventilators.

Premature babies may have long-term impacts like poor health and growth, mental retardation, visual and hearing impairments, and cerebral palsy. The majority of the babies will have issues relating to breathing and feeding. The more premature the baby is, the system in the baby is premature. They will therefore have unique and life-threatening problems with each one of those systems. The babies born premature may exhibit learning difficulties, high risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, high risk of Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder, socioemotional and behavioral problems. The loss of an infant is a demoralizing experience for a family.

There are significant disparities in premature and low birth weights of infants. Minority groups, the marginalized, and the poor are at a greater risk of premature and extremely low birth weight. An example of the disparities among minority populations is native Americans and African Americans to non-Hispanic white births. According to Martin, Hamilton, Osterman, and Driscoll (2019), the preterm birth rate was 10.23 in 2019. In the same year, the preterm birth rate for non-Hispanic black mothers was 14.39% as compared to 8.72% of non-Hispanic Asian mothers and 11.51% for the Hispanic subgroups. Infants born of mothers of low socioeconomic rank are more likely to be born prematurely. African Americans are at a higher risk due to a higher population of low socioeconomic status.

Prematurity is associated with increased risks for developmental delay, vision problems, hearing problems, and family stress. To assist with the problem of preterm infants in both families and the community, several measures can be implemented. Health care service providers. A developmental screening can be conducted using evidence-based tools at 9,18, and 30 months. In addition, a general screening should be done at every visit. The primary caregiver should also schedule other visits as required. For the preterm babies, the milestones should be closely monitored. A careful check of movement and tone abnormalities. The examination of the infants should focus on milestones, hypertonia, hypotonia, reflexes, abnormal movements, and postures. Healthcare practitioners can adopt a socially suitable structure for the diverse patient population. The health care workers and the general public can be educated on the effect of preterm delivery and extremely low birth weight as issues in public health. To reduce disparities, healthier physical and social environments should be promoted.

References

James, E., Wood, C. L., Nair, H., & Williams, T. C. (2018). Preterm Birth and The Timing of Puberty: A Systematic Review. BMC Pediatrics, 18(1), 1-12.

Using 200-300 words APA format supporting the post with references in  discussions.

Advocacy Through Legislation 

Nurses often become motivated to change aspects within the larger health care system based on their real-world experience. As such, many nurses take on an advocacy role to influence a change in regulations, policies, and laws that govern the larger health care system.

For this assignment, identify a problem or concern in your state, community, or organization that has the capacity for advocacy through legislation. Research the issue and use the “Advocacy Through Legislation” template to complete this assignment.

You are required to cite to a minimum of three sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and relevant to nursing practice. 

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. 

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. 

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance. 

 3 paragraph of at least 5 sentences with 2 cite sources not older than 2015. APA style 7th edition.

Ageism is a concept introduced decades ago and is defined as “the prejudices and stereotypes that are applied to older people sheerly on the basis of their age…” (Butler, Lewis, & Sutherland, 1991).

• DQ: What are some common misconceptions you have heard or believed about older adults?
• What can you do to dispel these myths?