The following is another student post. Please react to this adding some other extra info. it should be 3 small paragraphs. APA references and less than 20 % similarity.  

The world of nursing has changed progressively. Nurses are continuously undertaking tasks that put the at the center of patient care as educators, managers and leaders (Masters, 2020). The models for patient care although different, have some aspects in common and those are the use of nursing process, communication within the interdisciplinary group and relationship between the nurse and patient (Masters, 2020).

One of the models of nursing care delivery is team nursing. Team nursing is comprised of a group of professionals including nurses who take complete care of the patient. This is usually seen in hospitals, acute care or long-term care centers (Masters, 2020). This approach is effective because one group is subdivided, and everyone accomplishes a different task with the supervision of a registered nurse. Team nursing revolves around good communication, appropriate delegation and the ability to solve problems (Masters, 2020).

Case Management centers around a care plan that involves an interdisciplinary group and the evaluation of the outcomes stated in the care plan, all this while assessing the cost and managing the quality of care (Masters, 2020). Case managers oversee a patient starting with the time they are admitted to when they are discharged. The case manager communicates with different disciplines to assess and suggest different pathways to accomplish a goal.

A model that has been around since the 1920s is Total Patient Care. As the word implies this model oversees the whole patient. A registered nurse develops a care plan in which she is solely the one responsible for every intervention (Masters, 2020). While this model is less cost effective as the others it also requires nurses to be experts in this role, however it assures continuity of care and amplifies communication.

Question 2

Teams in the healthcare setting are extremely beneficial for patient’s care and outcomes. Their input and different expertise benefits problem solving, coordination of care and outcomes (Kreps, 2017). Effective communication between different disciplines is often a challenge due to different training, backgrounds and involvement in the situation (Kreps, 2017).

There are many ways to communicate effectively however, research has proven that the SBAR method used in most settings is highly reliable (Masters, 2020). This model describes the situation, background, assessment and recommendation. Using a standard form of communication ensures all pertinent details are passed from person to person.

Another method often used is the CUS. This stands for concern, an area a nurse feels needs special attention in the patient’s care, uncomfortable describes why the nurse feels that way and safety describe whether the nurse perceives it is a risk to the patient’s health (Masters, 2020). As a patient advocate nurses must always bring to attention any discrepancy in care to prevent further complications. This method is effective and concise.

 Question 3

Working as a team means putting together individual effort while upholding patient’s best interest. Teamwork centers around communication, professionalism and respect (Masters, 2020). Maintaining these qualities reduces the likelihood of error in patient care.

Communication is a key element to fostering positive atmosphere. It is essential for team members to be able to exchange meaningful information and express concerns when necessary. Providing feedback that is honest and reliable proves to enhance communication (Anonymous, 2001).

Respect and professionalism are key elements to maintaining and developing teamwork. It is important to respect and maintain boundaries while interacting effectively with patients and families as well as coworkers. This promotes positive outcomes as well as a productive nurse-patient relationship (Masters, 2020).

Reference

Kreps, G (2017). Communication and Effective Interprofessional Health Care Teams. International Archives of Nursing and Health Care. Retrieved from https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/ianhc/international-archives-of-nursing-and-health-care-ianhc-2-051.php?jid=ianhc

Masters, K. (2020). Role development in professional nursing practice (5th ed.) Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning

19. ten tips to enhance teamwork (2001). (2nd ed. ed.). Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/189447920?accountid=158399

 The following is another student post to wish i have to react. Please add some other information. relate to the question but different from the student post. remember APA and similarity. 

Sixty-two–year-old James White is accompanied to the clinic today by his wife and son. James has had increasing problems with his memory for the past several months and has rapid mood swings for no apparent reason. His wife says that “he’ll go outside in the garden without his clothes on, and his speech is difficult to understand.” His son reports that at times James flaps his arms a lot and notices that he is unable to cut his food or tie his shoes. James was diagnosed with heart failure approximately 6 months ago.

a. How would you explain to the White family what is occurring with James?

I would explain that heart failure is when the heart is not pumping adequate amount of blood carrying oxygen and nutrients to the cells in the body. Heart failure is a progressive disease with risk factor for cognitive impairment as seen with James case (Witt, Rotter, Stearns, Gottesman, Kucharska-Newton, & Chang, 2018). Problems with oxygenation, cardiac reserves and skeletal muscle contribute to symptoms and functional impairment in heart failure patients. I would further explain that fatigue, shortness of breath, activity intolerance, and weakness are cardinal symptoms of heart failure. It would be important to point out that disability is commonly seen in patients affected by heart failure with an inability to perform basic activities of daily living, such as those of self-care that include eating, bathing and dressing.  I would advise them that further decline, disability and eventually frailty is possible. Most people affected with mild cognitive impairment progress to dementia. I would explain that there are many reasons for developing cognitive impairment in heart failure patients including decreased cerebral perfusion due to vascular abnormalities (Harkness, Heckman, & McKelvie, 2012).

b. What treatment modalities would be appropriate for James at this time?

James would benefit from neuropsychological testing and a detailed examination of his disease state contributing to his cognitive decline (Witt, Rotter, Stearns, Gottesman, Kucharska-Newton, & Chang, 2018). James needs improved heart failure treatment to increase cardiac output and a review of his medication. Pharmacological agents such as ACE inhibitors have shown benefits on function and possibly cognition and mood in heart failure patients. There is a need to identify and reduce risk factors that are contributing to James cognitive impairment leading to poor quality of life.  It is recommended for James to be attend an outpatient heart failure disease management program designed for complex heart failure patients. Regular exercise for strength and resistance training is encourage for heart failure patients. Family support is also recommended (Harkness, Heckman, & McKelvie, 2012).

References

Harkness, K., Heckman, G. A., & McKelvie, R. S. (2012). The older patient with heart failure:

High risk for frailty and cognitive impairment. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 10(6), 779-95. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/erc.12.49

Witt, L. S., Rotter, J., Stearns, S. C., Gottesman, R. F., Kucharska-Newton, A., A, R. S., . . .

Chang, P. P. (2018). Heart failure and cognitive impairment in the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 33(10), 1721-1728. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11606-018-4556-x