Identify an event that you experienced or one that you have read about that presented ethical concerns similar to Hurricane Katrina & COVID 19 as presented in the module.  You can use one of these events (Hurricane Katrina or COVID 19) or another event to discuss. Respond to all questions in narrative format. 

Primary Post

1. Understanding the pressures that healthcare professionals were faced with, how do you think you would fare in similar conditions?
2. What do you think about the behavior and decisions made by healthcare professionals during this event? Were you shocked by any life-or-death decisions made?
3. What legal and ethical standards must health care personnel be expected to uphold in a disaster? Should they—or any professional—be held to the same standards that operate during normal conditions? In other words, is there a gray area in ethics when things go disastrously wrong? (cite a source for ethical considerations- could be a professional nursing organization and/or other source specific to your work setting)
4. Ultimately, who is the most responsible for the tragedies that occurred? The hospital owners? The staff? The local, state, or federal government? Explain your rationale.
5. What lessons have been learned from this event from an organizational perspective and from a professional perspective? 

There are 4 parts to the assignment. Please place all four assignments into one paper. The different parts should be clearly marked so your professor knows which question you are addressing.

1. Rewrite the following essays. Correct all errors in capitalization, spelling, and punctuation. Divide the passage into appropriate paragraphs. 

• Essay #1:

When my husband Joe had cancer surgery five years ago, each of his family members responded just as I knew they would. John, his father, decided to organize the family’s calls. Because, of course, everything would run so much more smoothly. Thus Jane, Matt, and Jim received detailed sheets of instructions in the mail. Telling them which days to telephone r.j. smith hospital to talk to Joe and what presents to send. Jane, enraged, promptly threw a tantrum. Calling Matt and me to complain about her father’s overbearing behavior. “I,” she yelled, “am a Psychiatrist who knows how to handle these situations, i am not still a child.” Matt also responded predictably. By avoiding the situation. He threw himself into his work. Normally a late sleeper, Matt took to leaving at 5:00 a.m., driving on the deserted expressway and arriving at work before six a.m. In addition, he didn’t return until 11:00 p.m. When he would fall into bed so exhausted that he couldn’t worry about Joe. Jim, too, responded predictably. He fumed inside for weeks, ignored John’s instructions, and sent cartons of books to Joe. So that he would never be bored. The books were funny. Because Jim had read Norman Cousins’ book about the healing power of laughter. Within a few months, Joe recovered from the surgery-in spite of his family 

• • Essay #2:

Treatment of atrial septal defect depends upon the size and symptoms and therefore is individualized an atrial septal defect of less than 3mm usually closes spontaneously (The Merck Manual, 2006). When the defect is between 3mm and 8mm it closes spontaneously in eighty percent of cases by the age of eighteen months, however, atrial septal defects located in the anteroinferior aspect of the septum (ostium primum) or in the posterior aspect of the septum near the superior vena cava or inferior vena cava (sinus venosus) don’t close spontaneously. If the defect is very small does not close spontaneously and the patient is asymptomatic. The treatment may be simply too monitor via an annual echocardiogram. Of course their is a risk of patients’ becoming symptomatic.  

Moderate-sized atrial septal defects or larger or patients’ who are symptomatic require closure of the shunt this is usually done between the ages of 2 and 6 years. A catheter-delivered closure device, such as Amplatzer Septal Occluder or Cardio-Seal device. May be used for closure of atrial septal defects less than 13mm in size, except than primum or sinus venosus defects. If the defect is greater than thirteen milimeters or located near important structures. Surgical repair becomes necessary. If the atrial septal defect is repaired during childhood there mortality rates approach 0 and the patient’s life expectancy approaches that of the general population prior to surgical repair, patients may need to be treated with diuretics; digoxin; ACE inhibitor; or beta blockers to prevent congestive heart failure (Moser & Riegel, 2007). Following surgical repair patience will receive aspirin to prevent clots, and be monitored closely for dysrhythmias and pulmonary hypertension. Oxygen and nitric oxide therapy have proven to be beneficial in treating postoperative pulmonary hypertension. Also patients who have primum atrial septal defect will need endocarditis prophylaxis.  

1. Guided writing exercise:
   • Think about a recent experience you have had that required you to use critical thinking skills. Set a timer for five minutes. Write about your experience. Do not worry about grammar, punctuation, or spelling. Just write, but stop at five minutes. Now go back and write your experience with correct grammar, punctuation, and spelling. Submit both written pieces. Add a concluding paragraph that answers the follows questions: How was the formal writing experience different from the timed writing experience? What did you do differently? Was there any difference in the time it took you? How did you ensure your spelling, grammar, and punctuation were correct? 
2. Describe when the following words would be used in a scholarly essay (define each word). Then, use those that are appropriate to a scholarly essay in a sentence. 
   • Their, there, they’re
   • Affect, effect
   • Its, it’s
   • your, you’re
   • then, than
   • accept, except
3. Describe the use of apostrophes in writing in general. When should apostrophes be used in formal writing? When should apostrophes be avoided in formal writing?

Note: There is no Synthesis Paper assignment due this week.

Assignment Expectations

Length: N/A

Structure: Place all 4 parts in one document

References: N/A

Topic 1: Epidemiology of Health Promotion

Read the required readings. Define the core functions of epidemiology. Select one of the epidemiologic core functions and provide an example of the how the core function might be demonstrated in clinical practice by a Masters prepared Registered Nurse. Can you relate this or one of the other functions to an example or content in your text readings?

Article : Ma, Y., Yang, J. Y., Peng, X., Xiao, K. Y., Xu, Q., & Wang, C. (2020). Which probiotic has the best effect on preventing Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea? A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Journal of Digestive Diseases, 21(2), 69–80. https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-2980.12839

1. Literature Review – Provide the key terms used to guide a search for evidence and discuss at least five (5) summaries of relevant, credible, recent, evidence-based research studies to support the project proposal.

2. Critical Appraisal of Literature – Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the evidence, what is known from the evidence and what gaps in evidence were found from the appraisal of evidence-based research studies.

3. Develop an EBP Standard – Describe two to three interventions (or a bundle of care) from the evidence and discuss how individual patient preferences or the preferences of others will be considered.

4. Implications – Summarize the potential contributions of the proposed project for nursing research, education, and practice.

Format: APA 7th ed format