1. What does “dying with dignity” mean for you?

2. AI can be used to support end-of-life care in many ways as discussed in the lecture. In what way do you think AI could be effectively used for people near death or family members who are left behind?

3. Do you think AI could replace humans (e.g., healthcare professionals, patients, surrogate decision-makers, etc.) in making a diagnosis, making treatment decisions, or making end-of-life care decisions? Why or why not?

 For this project, you will critique a QUALITATIVE research article. The goal of the following assignment is to provide an opportunity for you to apply your knowledge of research methods and processes gained in this course to evaluate research. Articles are provided below. A template table for the critique is provided – use of the template is REQUIRED. 

How will you establish personal credibility as a leader?  How will you model the way for others?

Establishing credibility as a leader is one of the most important aspects of leadership (Wamsiedel, 2020).  The DNP scholar is well suited to serve as credible and transformational leader in todays high-demand workplace in both clinical and non-clinical aspects.  I will strive to earn the respect of my team through the appropriate use of resources, following through on my decisions, and connecting with coworkers using the framework of emotional intelligence to guide my leadership decisions (Livesey, 2017).  Good work relationships are based on credibility, trust, and consistency and those are the elements that I will portray in my leadership efforts to build strong alliances and effective interdisciplinary teams to achieve positive outcomes in healthcare (Mitchell & Boyle, 2019). 

What strategies will you use to inspire a shared vision for those you lead?

The most effective strategy the DNP leader can use to inspire a shared vision for team members is to determine the vision each individual aspect of the organization has and how it fits into the overall vision of the systems future (Weiss PG, 2020).  The healthcare system is made up of individual clinical and non-clinical pieces that each have a vision and aspect of what success and the future looks like.  By eliciting each of these pieces, the DNP leader can analyze how they fit together to form a solid interprofessional vision for the organizations future and use it as a roadmap to success.  Constant reassessment of these pieces is required to assure they agree with the plan of the organization.  The dynamic environment of the healthcare industry requires constant reevaluation and organizational assessment to assure its strategies are leading it towards success and avoiding complacency (Wei et al., 2020).

How will you challenge the current process to lead change?

Leading change is sometimes not an easy task but is necessary for the DNP leader to steer the organization to positive outcomes.  My initial step in leading change is to understand the vision of the organization and what the end goal is.  It is also important to remember that leading change is not a linear process, but rather a circular process that requires evaluation and revision to remain on track (Weiss PG, 2020).  Leading change in a healthcare organization means that multiple disciplines will be involved as well as impacted, so you must be able to identify which disciplines are impacted by all decisions and how these decisions fit into the overall vision and direction of the organization (Mitchell & Boyle, 2019).  Setting realistic expectations for team members and holding people accountable are also crucial aspects of leading change and the DNP leaders is well suited for these tasks.

What strategies will you use to enable others to act?

Using shared goals and objectives is the most effective strategy for enabling members of an interdisciplinary team to act (Mitchell & Boyle, 2019).  By using shared goals and objectives and communicating how these shared goals complement each discipline and work together to improve the organization, you are encouraging collaboration and will create unison and avoid creative conflicts that can interfere with success and halt progress (Hu et al., 2016).  I will also treat team members with respect and dignity, while challenging them to produce creative results which ensures growth and development among individuals (Hu et al., 2016).

How will you recognize the contributions of others?

My strategies for recognizing contributions of others involve both praising the individual as well as their team for their efforts and outcomes.  By recognizing the individual for their effort, you create a sense of appreciation that leads to trust and credibility (Hu et al., 2016).  By recognizing the team, you are promoting camaraderie which will results in increased performance, trust, and motivation while encouraging further creativity and effort.  Teams that produce extraordinary results are ones that are made up of emotionally intelligent individuals who understand the goals of their team and how their efforts will improve the organization. 

References

Hu, N., Chen, Z., Gu, J., & Liu, H. (2016). Conflicts and creativity in inter-organizational teams: The moderating role of shared leadership. International Journal of Conflict Management, 28(1), 74–102. Retrieved March 20, 2021, from https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCMA-01-2016-0003 (Links to an external site.)

Livesey, P. V. (2017). Goleman-Boyatzis model of emotional intelligence for dealing with problems in project managment. Construction Economics and Building, 17(1), Article 2204-9029. https://doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v17i1.5101 (Links to an external site.)

Mitchell, R., & Boyle, B. (2019). Inspirational leadership, positive mood, and team innovation: A moderated mediation investigation into the pivotal role of professional salience. Human Resource Management, 58(3), 269–283. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21951 (Links to an external site.)

Wamsiedel, M. (2020). Credibility work and moral evaluation at the ED. Social Science & Medicine, 248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112845 (Links to an external site.)

Wei, H., Kifner, H., Dawes, M. E., Wei, T. L., & Boyd, J. M. (2020). Self-care strategies to combat burnout among pediatric critical care nurses and physicians. Critical Care Nurse, 40(2), 44–53. https://doi.org/10.4037/ccn2020621 (Links to an external site.)

Weiss PG. (2020). Leading change to address the needs and well-being of trainees during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Academic Pediatrics, 20(6), 735–741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2020.06.001 (Links to an external site.)

Reply

 PLEASE I NEED RESPONSE TO THIS ASSIGNMENT

2 REFERENCES

A major neurocognitive disorder is used to describe a decline in cognitive function characterized by gradual impairment in memory, speech, mobility, and reasoning. The impairment in mental ability could be severe to the extent of affecting independence and ability to carry out daily/ normal activities (Caccappolo & Marder, 2015).

Diagnostic Criteria

 According to the DSM-5, the diagnostic criterion for major neurocognitive disorder includes a very gradual (“insidious”) onset, and gradual progression. Additionally, the clinical features suggestive of neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies are divided into three core diagnostic features, and two suggestive diagnostic features. The core diagnostic features are as follows:

1. Fluctuating cognition including marked variability in attention and alertness.

2. Recurrent, well-formed, and detailed visual hallucinations.

3. Presence of “spontaneous” parkinsonism (i.e., not due to medication side effects) that started AFTER onset of the cognitive decline.

The two suggestive diagnostic features are as follows:

1. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder.

2. Marked sensitivity to side effects of antipsychotic medications.

Furthermore, the diagnosis of neurocognitive disorder (major or mild) with Lewy bodies can be probable or possible. The difference between a probable diagnosis and a possible diagnosis of neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies is in what clinical features are present. A probable diagnosis consists of either two core features OR at least one core feature plus at least one suggestive feature. A possible diagnosis consists of one core feature OR one or more suggestive features (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).

Evidenced-Based Psychotherapy and Psychopharmacologic Treatment

As far as psychotherapy is concerned, there is a lack of research concerning non-pharmacological interventions for Lewy Body Dementia (Livingston et al., 2014). Lewy Body Dementia (LBD) is characterized by a deficiency of acetylcholine and a deficiency of dopamine. The cholinergic deficit is implicated in major attention disorders and fluctuations. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil or rivastigmine were studied in several double-blind placebo-controlled studies (Rolinski et al., 2016). There was moderate benefit on the cognitive level and on some psychiatric manifestations including hallucinations. A disabling parkinsonian syndrome can be treated with L-dopa as in Parkinson’s disease. Hallucinations may require antipsychotic treatment and the best documented drug is clozapine (Rolinski et al., 2016). REM sleep behavior disorders can be improved by melatonin.

Therapy Types and Risks  

 Because antipsychotic drugs can worsen Lewy body dementia symptoms, the best we can do to help limit this is modifying the environment. Reducing clutter and distracting noise can make it easier for someone with dementia to function. Offering reassurance and validation of their concerns especially when they are confused. And finally creating daily routines and keeping tasks simple. There are no risks involved in implementing theses therapies.

References

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

Caccappolo, E., & Marder, K. (2015). Epidemiology, diagnosis, and correlates of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease. Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Parkinson’s Disease, 203–222. https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199681648.003.0016

Connors, M. H., Quinto, L., McKeith, I., Brodaty, H., Allan, L., Bamford, C., Thomas, A., Taylor, J.-P., & O’Brien, J. T. (2018). Non-pharmacological interventions for Lewy body dementia: a systematic review. Psychological Medicine, 48(11), 1749–1758. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1017/S0033291717003257

Livingston, G., Kelly, L., Lewis-Holmes, E., Baio, G., Morris, S., Patel, N., Omar, R. Z., Katona, C., & Cooper, C. (2014). Non-pharmacological interventions for agitation in dementia: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 205(6), 436–442.

Rolinski, M., Fox, C., Maidment, I., McShane, R., & Rolinski, M. (2016). Cholinesterase inhibitors for dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson’s disease dementia and cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 3.

Write a 3-4 page essay that discusses some of the ways African American writers drew on elements from history and culture as inspiration in their short stories, novels, and poems. Address one of the topics below in your essay. Paste your response in the assignment submission box, but also include the document file as an attachment by the date listed above.

1. Why were African American poets like Langston Hughes, Ralph Ellison, and Amiri Baraka drawn to musical models such as Jazz and Blues as sources of inspiration?
2. How were the political struggles of the 1960s and 1970s reflected in the works of African American poets who identified with the Black Arts Movement? 
3. What are some of the ways that Spoken Word and Hip Hop artists use expressive and colorful language to address the historical experience and political issues that confront African American people on a daily basis?