Discussion: Cardiovascular Disorders

Veins and arteries are vital elements of the cardiovascular system. They carry the blood supply through the body and are essential for proper function. Sometimes veins and arteries malfunction, resulting in cardiovascular disorders. Malfunctions of arteries and veins are similar to malfunctions of a water hose. Consider the structure and function of a hose. A tap releases water, which then travels through the hose and comes out the other end. If the hose has been dormant for several months, dirt and rusty particles might build up inside, resulting in a restricted flow of water. Similarly, buildup of plaque inside the coronary arteries restricts blood flow and leads to disorders such as coronary heart disease. This disease is one of the most common cardiovascular disorders, and according to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (2011), is the leading cause of death for men and women in the United States. In this Discussion, you examine the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorders such as coronary heart disease.

To Prepare

· Review this week’s media presentation on alterations of cardiovascular functions, as well as Chapter 24 in the Huether and McCance text. Identify the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorders.

· Select one patient factor: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Consider how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorders.

· Select one of the following alterations of cardiovascular disorders: peripheral arterial disease, myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, or dysrhythmia. Think about how hypertension or dyslipidemia can lead to the alteration you selected. 

Post a description of the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorders, including how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology. Then, explain how hypertension or dyslipidemia can lead to the alteration you selected for patients with the factor you identified.

Required Readings

** Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2017). Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

• Chapter 23, “Structure and      Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems”

This chapter examines the circulatory system, heart, systemic circulation, and lymphatic system to establish a foundation for normal cardiovascular function. It focuses on the structure and function of various parts of the circulatory system to illustrate normal blood flow.

• Chapter 24, “Alterations of      Cardiovascular Function”

This chapter presents the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment of various cardiovascular disorders. It focuses on diseases of the veins and arteries, disorders of the heart wall, heart disease, and shock.

• Chapter 25, “Alterations of      Cardiovascular Function in Children”

This chapter examines cardiovascular disorders that affect children. It distinguishes congenital heart disease from acquired cardiovascular disorders.

** Hammer, G. G. , & McPhee, S. (2014). Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical medicine. (7th ed.) New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.

• Chapter 11, “Cardiovascular      Disorders: Vascular Disease”

This chapter begins with an overview of the vascular component of the cardiovascular system and how the cardiovascular system is normally regulated. It then describes three common vascular disorders: atherosclerosis, hypertension, and shock.

**American Heart Association. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/ 

**Million Hearts. (2012). Retrieved from http://millionhearts.hhs.gov/index.html 

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/

Instructor Requirements

As advanced practice nurses, we are scholars, nurse researchers and scientists. As such, please use Peer-Reviewed scholarly articles and websites designed for health professionals (not designed for patients) for your references. Students should be using the original citation in Up to Date and go to that literature as a reference. The following are examples (not all inclusive) of resources/websites deemed inadmissible for scholarly reference:

1. Up      to Date (must use original articles from Up to Date as a resource)
2. Wikipedia
3. Cdc.gov-      non healthcare professionals section
4. Webmd.com
5. Mayoclinic.com

 

No Plagiarism please, assignment will be checked with Turnitin. 

Will need 5 full pages, double spaced all throughout the page for the case study, APA Style, Times New Roman, font 12, Title Page and a Reference page. 

Assignment Directions

The focus this week is on antimicrobial agents. Principles for the appropriate choice of antibiotics and the factors that influence outcomes will be discussed. Also emphasized will be the mechanisms by which antimicrobial resistance develops and practical applications to prevent resistance. Remember that you will be creating a communication tool for the parent of a 4-year-old with an acute upper respiratory tract infection of a possible vital etiology. Your decision of how to treat this patient must be based on the highest level of current evidence. 

Case Study:

Discussion: Mr. Smith brings his 4-year-old to your office with chief complaints of right ear pain, sneezing, mild cough, and low-grade fever of 100 degrees for the last 72 hours. Today, the child is alert, cooperative, and well hydrated. You note a mildly erythemic throat with no exudate, both ears mild pink tympanic membrane with good movement, lungs clear. You diagnose an acute upper respiratory infection, probably viral in nature. Mr. Smith is states that the family is planning a trip out of town starting tomorrow and would like an antibiotic just in case.

Create a communication plan for Mr. Smith and/or families for both prescriptive and non-prescriptive drug therapies. Describe what you would tell Mr. Smith and the child. Provide resources that Mr. Smith could access which would provide information concerning your decision

Document a focused history, physical exam, nursing diagnoses, and nursing process of a case study from NUR-641E: Advanced Pathophysiology and Pharmacology for Nurse Educators and compare the differences with a complete assessment. At least 3-4 references 

Case Study

A 22-year-old woman reports being “sick with the flu” for the past 8 days. She is vomiting several times every day, having difficulty keeping liquids or food down, and has been using more than the recommended dose of antacids in an attempt to calm the nausea. She has become severely dehydrated. After fainting at home, she was taken to a local hospital. An arterial blood gas sample was drawn and then an IV was placed to help rehydrate her. The arterial blood gas revealed the following:

Test​ Result​           Normal levels

pH​​7.5​​7.35 – 7.45

PaCO2​40 mm Hg​35-45 mm Hg

PaO2​95 mm Hg​80-100 mm Hg

SaO2​                        97%​95-100%

HCO3-​      32 meq/liter​22-26 meq/liter

 COPY AND PASTE LINK..

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 ITS OKAY 8TH AND 9TH EDITION US SIMILAR 

Caring throughout the lifespan (Chapters 8-14)

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OccwFOcS13M

You will find all information to answer this assignment in Chapter 8-14 of your Fundamentals of nursing textbook 9th edition. All references and citations for this assignment should be from this textbook ONLY. Answers without citations will not be graded. The  assignment has a video to watch. Please watch the video and provide an  answer based on what the video states. You might have to copy and paste  the video link. 

Elaborate each of your answers with information from  your textbook and include citations from the text book. 

Some questions  have a video link that specifically addresses that topic and will help  you answer the questions.

ALL VIDEOS IN ASSIGNMENTS CAN ALSO BE ACCESSED IN MULTI-MEDIA LINKS

Answers that do not include citations will result in a zero grade for the whole assignment.

**Please remember that all answers should be in your own words**

 I understand that asking everyone to add a page  number is not your traditional  APA that most are used to, however as  your instructors, we require this in order to verify where you are  getting your information. 

{Research has found that “romantic  partners maintain both biased and realistic views of a core relationship  trait: physical attractiveness” ((Potter, Perry, Hall, & Stockert, 2017, pp. 200-210).

OR

Potter, Perry, Hall, & Stocker (2017)  found that “romantic partners maintain both biased and realistic views  of a core relationship trait: physical attractiveness” (p. 210.}

We do require that you provide a complete APA reference at the end of each answer. Most are doing this, however, there are some that are not.You do not have to include the page number in this reference, only in your intext citation.See examples below. Answers that do not contain correct references will not be graded. 

Example below

{Potter, P. A., Perry, A. G., Hall, A., & Stockert, P. A. (2017). Fundamentals of nursing (9th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier.}

Question 1 Points: 4.00  

1)  Describe the physical development of children.Include information  on Weight, height, dentition, Language and fine and gross motor  development

2) What type of toys or play activity would you recommend to parents for each age group? 

3) How does playtime foster gross motor, fine motor, and language development?

4) What age-appropriate discipline measures for children can you give to new parents

Your answer should cover the following stages of development.

a) Infancy ( 0-12months) 150 words

b) Toddler (1-3)               150 words

c) Preschool (3-6)            150 words

d) School age (6-12)        150 words

e) Adolescence (12-19)    150 words

Below is a video lecture to assist you in understanding these age groups

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iDZYRvpUykw&t=1729s

This answer should be answered in full with the specified word count

Question 2 Points: 1.00  

A  nurse has been assigned to perform an assessment on a newborn who is 18  hours old. The student reviews the reflexes that are supposed to be  present. Which reflexes should be present in the newborn? What is the  significance if one reflex is absent?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ARZD9Qid9lU

Question 3 Points: 1.00  

What are some reasons that young adults engage in risky behavior, and what effect can such behavior have on their development

150 word count

Question 4 Points: 1.00  

Discuss recommended feeding patterns for a pregnant woman, lactating woman, newborns and older infants.

• Your answer should detail feeding recommendations for newborns from  birth until 12months. Your answer should detail nutrition  recommendations. 
• Your answer should detail nutrition recommendations for Pregnant women and lactating women.

**hint**

Look in the ATI Nutrition textbook. For this question ONLY, you can reference this book

Question 5 Points: 1.00  

Discuss at least three concerns related to adolescence

*hint*

Look at health risk factors (substance abuse, eating disorders etc…

This question should be complete and 100-150 words.Please cite and reference as instructed.

Question 6 Points: 3.00  

Describe the physical and psychosocial development and changes of

a) Young adults

b) Middle adults

c) Older adults

Your answer should reference theories associated with adult development.

This question should be complete and 300-350 words.Please cite and reference as instructed.

Question 7 Points: 3.00  

Identify at least three health concerns of;

a) Young adults

b) Middle adults

c) Older adults

Which points would you include in an educational program to help young and middle adults maintain a healthy lifestyle.

Which points would you include in an educational program to help older adults maintain physical health.

Your answer should include education on health promotion including preventative and primary interventions.

This question should be complete and 300-350 words.Please cite and reference as instructed.

Question 8 Points: 3.00  

1) Identify 3 biologic theories of aging

2) Identify 3 psychosocial theories of aging

3) What 4 factors can contribute to longevity?

This question should be complete and 300-350 words.Please cite and reference as instructed.

Question 9 Points: 4.00  

1) Identify nursing problems related to changes in psychosocial health in older adults

2) What are the forms of dementia and possible causes of these conditions?

3) What additional health care concerns does the presence of dementia create?

4) What specific suggestions could you give a 75-year-old patient to help prevent cognitive deterioration

This question should be complete and 300-350 words.Please cite and reference as instructed.

 

• Review the concepts of informatics as presented in the Resources. 
• Reflect on the role of a nurse leader as a knowledge worker.
• Consider how knowledge may be informed by data that is collected/accessed.

The Assignment:

• Explain the concept of a knowledge worker.
• Define and explain nursing informatics and highlight the role of a nurse leader as a knowledge worker.
• Develop a simple infographic to help explain these concepts.

  NOTE:  For guidance on infographics, including how to create one in  PowerPoint, see “How to Make an Infographic in PowerPoint” presented in  the Resources.

• Your PowerPoint should Include the hypothetical scenario you  originally shared in the Discussion Forum. Include your examination of  the data that you could use, how the data might be accessed/collected,  and what knowledge might be derived from that data. Be sure to  incorporate feedback received from your colleagues’ responses. 

 

  Excellent   Good   Fair   Poor       Develop a 5- to 6-slide PowerPoint presentation that addresses the following:

·   Explain the concept of a knowledge worker.
·   Define and explain nursing informatics and highlight the role of a nurse leader as a knowledge worker.        
 Points Range:     32 (32%) – 35 (35%)

The presentation clearly and accurately explains the concept of a knowledge worker.

The presentation clearly and accurately defines and explains nursing  informatics with a detailed explanation of the role of the nurse leader  as a knowledge worker.

Includes: 3 or more peer-reviewed sources and 2 or more course resources.
     
 Points Range:     28 (28%) – 31 (31%)

The presentation explains the concept of a knowledge worker.

The presentation defines and explains nursing informatics with an  explanation of the role of the nurse leader as a knowledge worker.

Includes: 2 peer-reviewed sources and 2 course resources.
     
 Points Range:     25 (25%) – 27 (27%)

The presentation inaccurately or vaguely explains the concept of a knowledge worker.

The presentation inaccurately or vaguely defines and explains nursing  informatics with an inaccurate or vague explanation of the role of the  nurse leader as a knowledge worker.

Includes: 1 peer-reviewed sources and 1 course resources.
     
 Points Range:     0 (0%) – 24 (24%)

The presentation inaccurately and vaguely explains the concept of a knowledge worker or is missing.  

The presentation inaccurately and vaguely defines and explains nursing  informatics with an inaccurate and vague explanation of the role of the  nurse leader as a knowledge worker or is missing.

Includes:  1 or fewer resources.
    ·   Develop a simple infographic to help explain these concepts.        
 Points Range:     14 (14%) – 15 (15%)

The presentation provides an accurate and detailed infographic that helps explain the concepts related to the presentation.
     
 Points Range:     12 (12%) – 13 (13%)

The presentation provides an infographic that helps explain the concepts related to the presentation.
     
 Points Range:     11 (11%) – 11 (11%)

The presentation provides an infographic related to the concepts of the presentation that is inaccurate or vague.
     
 Points Range:     0 (0%) – 10 (10%)

The infographic provided in the presentation related to the concepts of the presentation is inaccurate and vague, or is missing.
    ·   Present the hypothetical scenario you originally shared in the  Discussion Forum. Include your examination of the data you could use,  how the data might be accessed/collected, and what knowledge might be  derived from the data. Be sure to incorporate feedback received from  your colleagues’ replies.        
 Points Range:     32 (32%) – 35 (35%)

The presentation clearly and  thoroughly includes the hypothetical scenario originally shared in the  Discussion Forum, including a detailed and accurate examination of the  data used, how the data might be accessed/collected, and the knowledge  that could be derived from the data.
     
 Points Range:     28 (28%) – 31 (31%)

The presentation includes the  hypothetical scenario originally shared in the Discussion Forum,  including an accurate examination of the data used, how the data might  be accessed/collected, and the knowledge that could be derived from the  data.
     
 Points Range:     25 (25%) – 27 (27%)

The presentation includes the  hypothetical scenario originally shared in the Discussion Forum,  including an examination of the data used, how the data might be  accessed/collected, and the knowledge that could be derived from the  data that is vague or inaccurate.
     
 Points Range:     0 (0%) – 24 (24%)

The presentation includes the  hypothetical scenario originally shared in the Discussion Forum,  including an examination of the data used, how the data might be  accessed/collected, and the knowledge that could be derived from the  data that is vague and inaccurate, or is missing.
    Written Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization:

Paragraphs  make clear points that support well developed ideas, flow logically,  and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully  focused–neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance.        
 Points Range:     5 (5%) – 5 (5%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity.
     
 Points Range:     4 (4%) – 4 (4%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time.
     
 Points Range:     3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60%- 79% of the time.
     
 Points Range:     0 (0%) – 3 (3%)

Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity < 60% of the time.
    Written Expression and Formatting – English writing standards:

Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation        
 Points Range:     5 (5%) – 5 (5%)

Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors.
     
 Points Range:     4 (4%) – 4 (4%)

Contains a few (1-2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.
     
 Points Range:     3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%)

Contains several (3-4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.
     
 Points Range:     0 (0%) – 3 (3%)

Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding.
    Written Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA  format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations,  page numbers, running head, parenthetical/in-text citations, and  reference list.        
 Points Range:     5 (5%) – 5 (5%)

Uses correct APA format with no errors.
     
 Points Range:     4 (4%) – 4 (4%)

Contains a few (1-2) APA format errors.
     
 Points Range:     3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%)

Contains several (3-4) APA format errors.
     
 Points Range:     0 (0%) – 3 (3%)

Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors.
  

     Total Points: 100