QUESTION 1: Discuss how professional nursing organizations support the field of nursing and how they advocate for nursing practice. Explain the value professional nursing organizations have in advocacy and activism related to patient care.

QUESTION 2: (A) Discuss the importance of advocacy as it pertains to patient care. (B).What is the nurse’s role in patient advocacy? (C).Describe a situation in which you were involved with patient advocacy. (D).Explain what the advocacy accomplished for the patient, and what the repercussions would have been if the patient would not have had an advocate.

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1. Three general approaches recommended American Nurse Association (ANA) to maintain sufficient staffing is to have mandatory staffing committees in hospitals which would analyze the needs of the patients as well as how many admissions, discharges and transfers there are in accordance to the skills and experience that each staff member holds. Then there is specific nurse to patient rations that are required in regulations towards the hospital. The third approach is to have the hospitals disclose how much staffing is used and placed to the public.
2. There are not many peer-reviewed articles relating to the nurse to patient ratio, however the studies that have been performed cannot positively correlate patient outcomes to the nurse to patient ratio. Some say that having the proper nurse to patient ratios do help the patient outcomes, but this varies according to staffing experience which is not always on the same level. More importantly experts believe that communication among the entire staff lead to better results because while nurse to patient ratios are important, they can cause unwanted effects.
3. Mandatory nurse to patient ratios are considered to be useful by critics however, the skills of the staff must be on par with the staffing level in order to be effective. In addition, hospitals do not receive more reimbursement for patient care when they are expected to increase their staff numbers. In accordance it supposed that a different approach to the nurse to patient ratio is taken because it would not only assist with patient outcomes built it would assist with the hospital issue of reimbursement for patient care.

References:

(2019, July). Nurse Staffing: Health Care Advocacy: American Nurses Association. Retrieved from https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/nurse-staffing/nurse-staffing-advocacy/

Conway, P. H., Tamara Konetzka, R., Zhu, J., Volpp, K. G., & Sochalski, J. (2008). Nurse staffing ratios: trends and policy implications for hospitalists and the safety net. Journal of Hospital Medicine, 3(3), 193-199.

Welton, J. M. (2007, September 7). Mandatory Hospital Nurse to Patient Staffing Ratios: Time to Take a Different Approach. Retrieved from http://ojin.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Volume122007/No3Sept07/MandatoryNursetoPatientRatios.html

The following post is from another student. Please react adding other extra imformation relate to the post. 

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Aromatherapy with Lavender Essential Oil

The current healthcare environment is fast-paced and faces myriad challenges. With this status, healthcare providers experience physical and mental exhaustion that increases the odds of committing medication errors.  Therefore, nurses serving in surgical units can greatly benefit from stress-relieving techniques. Aromatherapy is one of the alternative treatment interventions that use natural plant extracts to improve the health of the spirit, body, and mind (Takagi et al., 2019).   Although the holistic health benefits of aromatherapy are well understood, this intervention is not adequately employed by the nurses serving in the surgical unit to relieve stress and anxiety.

PICOT Question

Among med/surgical nurses does the use of aromatherapy with Lavender essential oil improve nurses’ anxiety and reduce medication errors as compared to no aromatherapy within six weeks? 

Workplace stress is a constant occupational hazard costing the United States more than 150 billion dollars annually in stress related problems (Khamisa et al., 2015). Stress is defined as a process in which environmental demands strain an organism’s adaptive capacity resulting in both psychological demands as well as biological changes that could place at risk for illness (Cohen et al., 1995).

In order to implement my PICOT question capstone project, I am going to utilize a pre and post aromatherapy survey among nursing staff, with the use of a convenience sample method. Furthermore, for a total of six weeks I will have a diffuser running nonstop with Lavender Essential oil at the nurse’s station of the medical surgical unit I work at Baptist Medical Center Jacksonville. Hence, data reporting nurse’s perceived stress will be gathered pre and post aromatherapy.

References

Takagi, C., Nakagawa, S., Hirata, N., Ohta, S., & Shimoeda, S. (2019). Evaluating the effect of aromatherapy on a stress marker in healthy subjects. Journal of pharmaceutical health care and sciences, 5(1), 18.

Khamisa, N., Oldenburg, B., Peltzer, K., Ilic, D., 2015. Work related stress, burnout, job satisfaction and general health of nurses. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 12, 652–666.

Cohen, S., Kessler, R., C., Gordon, L., U. (1995) Strategies for measuring stress in studies of psychiatric and physical disorders. In: Cohen S, Kessler RC, Gordon LU, editors. Measuring stress: A guide for Health and Social Scientists. 

Required Resources
Read/review the following resources for this activity:

• Textbook: Section 7; Integrative Questions for Section 7
• Lesson
• Outside resources are optional; however, you could consider using the course textbook to support your explanation.

Instructions
The purpose of this assignment is to go beyond the usual social network(s) and realm of understanding in order to build a bridge of understanding about another person from his/her perception about his/her own life experiences in the workplace and or helping professions.

Interview two adults: one adult of a different ethnicity/race than yourself and one adult who is at least 10 years older and/or younger than you. You must choose one person from each category, not the same person. Ask him/her the following questions and document the answers for each interview.

1. Document if the person you interviewed is male or female.
2. What is your ethnicity/race or age? (Make sure the person is ok with sharing his/her age.)
3. What is your level of education?
4. What is your occupation?
5. Have you ever experienced discrimination in the workplace? How did you feel? How did you react? Please explain what happened.
6. During your lifetime, what significant current event have you experienced? (e.g., 911)
7. How has this significant event shaped your experiences with others?

After you have the aforementioned interview questions answered, please provide the following regarding your findings:

• Compare and/or contrast the experiences of the person you interviewed to your own. Provide one example. Write an explanation at least two paragraphs in length for each interview. Be sure to address the following questions, along with any additional information your wish to include and/or share:
• What conclusions can you draw from the commonalities?
• How could some of these situations be mediated or resolved (e.g., by the person experiencing the discrimination, by institutions employing those who are discriminating others or dealing with clients/customers who are discriminating against employees).

Please be sure to inform the people you are interviewing in informed his or her responses will be kept confidential and anonymous and thank him or her for the time spent interviewing with you.

Writing Requirements (APA format)

• Length: 3-4 pages (not including title page or references page)
• 1-inch margins
• Double spaced
• 12-point Times New Roman font
• Title page
• References page (as needed)

 Module 1 – SLP

PLEASE SEE AND READ ATTACHMENT BEFORE COMPLETING ASSIGNMENT

INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNITY HEALTH

Using MAP-IT to Help Build a Healthy Community

Please read the following: Healthy People in Healthy Communities, or A Strategy for Creating a Healthy Community: MAP-IT, so that you will understand the MAP-IT program before you start this SLP. Also please read this article: Melany Mack, Ron Uken, Jane Powers (2006) People Improving the Community’s Health: Community Health Workers as Agents of Change, Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved. Nashville: Feb 2006. Vol. 17, Iss. 1; p. 16 (10 pages) This article is also listed on the Background page and can be found in ProQuest. To begin to achieve the goal of improving health, a community must develop a strategy. That strategy, to be successful, must be supported by many individuals who are working together.

In much the same way you might map out a trip to a new place, you can use the MAP-IT technique to ‘map out’ the path toward the change you want to see in your community.

For the Session Long Project (SLP) of this course, you will follow one of the following families:

• A non-English speaking immigrant family. The parents (35-year-old father and a 31-year-old mother) have a 1-year-old son. They (the parents) are obese, smokers, alcoholics and have only a high school education. Due to their weight, the mother has diabetes and high blood pressure, and the father has high blood pressure and kidney disease. The parents are a low income family with no insurance. You will guide the parents on how to achieve the minimum state health requirements for both the child and themselves (i.e., vaccinations, good nutrition, a safe and healthy home environment, etc.).

  OR

• An English-speaking American family. The parents (42-year-old father and a 40-year-old mother) have two children, a 14-year-old son and an 18-year-old daughter. They (the parents) are obese, smokers, and have a history of heavy drug use in their late teen and early adult years. The father has only a high school education while the mother has a BA in English Literature. Due to their weight, the mother has diabetes and high blood pressure, and the father has high blood pressure and liver aliments. The son suffers from asthma while the daughter has had two previous abortions. She may be drug dependent. The parents are a moderate-low income family with minimal insurance. You will guide the parents on how to achieve the minimum state health requirements for both the children and themselves (i.e., vaccinations, good nutrition, a safe and healthy home environment, etc.).

SLP Module Requirements

You are to use MAP-IT: Mobilize, Assess, Plan, Implement, and Track to respond to this SLP.

Before you begin the SLP please review: Choosing the Right Approach for Health

Steps in MAP-IT are:

• Mobilize individuals and organizations that care about the health of your community into a coalition.
• Assess the areas of greatest need in your community, in this case, assisting new immigrants to access health care], as well as the resources and other strengths that you can tap into in order to address those areas.
• Plan your approach: start with a vision of where you want to be as a community, then add strategies and action steps to help you achieve that vision: you can be a health educator, a health care provider, a nutritionist, a social worker etc.
• Implement your plan using concrete action steps that can be monitored and will make a difference.
• Track your progress over time.

KEY Criteria for grading this SLP

In addition to demonstrating that you are applying the MAP-IT steps, you must demonstrate personal development or competency in developing appropriate objectives for your targeted family based on needs and the ability to appraise the appropriateness of resources and materials required to meet their needs. You should also incorporate the results of the needs assessment of your targeted family into the planning process within MAP-IT. This is why it is so important to identify an actual community that your targeted family resides. You will find that almost all of the resources found or available in a community can be identified online.

Using this MAP-IT approach, a step-by-step, structured plan can be devised to tailor one’s community needs.

The first step in building a healthier community is to mobilize key individuals and organizations to form a community-wide coalition. Most communities already have health departments and other governmental agencies that are responsible for public health services. Many communities also have coalitions of key individuals and organizations that are organized to address specific issues, for example, block associations or neighborhood watch groups. These groups often represent diverse interests and resources for addressing issues that are vital to building and maintaining the health and stability of the entire community. A coalition will often, of course, work with the health department and other health organizations in the community. However, it can also help mobilize a wider range of other resources to address health issues.

SLP Assignment Expectations

Your task for Module 1 is to:

1. Select which family for which you will use the MAP-IT Approach for the SLP.
2. Discuss how you will Mobilize individuals and organizations that care about the health of your community into a coalition. Identify the individuals and organizations which will form the basis of your coalition. Discuss how each member of your coalition can assist each member of your target family.
3. Briefly discuss the problems that underserved populations are confronted with when seeking care in the community.

Module 2: For this module you will assess the areas of greatest need in your community, in this case, assisting your target family to access health care, as well as the resources and other strengths that you can tap into in order to address those areas.

Module 3: For this module you will discuss how you will plan your approach. Start with a vision of where you want the community to be, and then add strategies and action steps to help you achieve that vision. You can be a health educator, a health care provider, a nutritionist, a social worker, etc. However, base your vision and approach on your targeted family. Additionally, be sure to focus on the health issues related to your targeted family.

Module 4: Discuss how you will implement your plan using concrete action steps that can be monitored and will make a difference. Discuss how you will track your progress over time. Present any tables or charts if you believe they will assist you in effectively tracking your progress (and of course, the progress of the target family). Provide sufficient detail.

Submit the module SLP before end of the specific module. Each SLP should be from 3 to 5 pages (600 to 1,200 words) unless otherwise specified and include 3-5 peer-reviewed reference citations. You will submit the SLP as a complete paper at the end of this session as a cumulative project. Be sure to upload all assignments when they are completed. The completed SLP should be approximately 25 pages (plus/minus 3 pages) and double-spaced.